A apropriação genuína da história passada e as estruturas constitutivas da vida fática segundo o Relatório-Natorp (1922), de Martin Heidegger

Bento Silva Santos

doi:10.15448/1984-6746.2025.1.45966

Authors

Bento Silva Santos Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-1693

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2025.1.45966

Keywords:

Phenomenology, Ontology, Facticity, Factical Life

Abstract

This article comments globally on the first part of the Natorp-Report (known as “Phenomenological interpretations on Aristotle. Indication of the hermeneutic situation”) prepared by Martin Heidegger in 1922 with the aim of applying for a position as professor of philosophy at the Universities of Marburg and Göttingen. From the point of view of his path of thought, this first part resumes his understanding of the phenomenology of factual life already declined in Freiburg lectures between 1919 and 1922. In his “Introduction” to the subsequent publication of the Natorp-Report manuscript (in 1989 in Dilthey Jahrbuch) after its discovery, Hans-Georg Gadamer entitled it “Heidegger’s youthful ‘theological’ writing”. Why? Because Christian theology moves within concepts that originated in Aristotelian ontology. Heidegger sought in non-scholastic Aristotle what the religious phenomenon of early Christianity was incapable of providing: clarification and determination of a genuine way of doing philosophy. In this writing there is a prologue about his radical proposal: philosophy is a phenomenological hermeneutics of facticity. In it Heidegger outlined his current and projected philosophical interpretations of Aristotle. They are at the service of the history of ontology and logic under the common thread of the hermeneutic situation. In this sense, Heidegger sought to gain a genuine direction of gaze in his original questioning. Considering the density of the Natorp-Report, which falls within the first period of Heidegger’s teaching in Freiburg (1919-1923), I will limit myself to highlighting, firstly, the assumptions of all interpretation within the scope of an ontology of facticity: (1) ; secondly, I will address at times the genesis of the so-called “hermeneutic situation” as an expression of the self (Selbst), and at other times the recovery of past history based on the historic (das Historische) immanent in questioning-research; finally, I will analyze the constitutive structures of factual life: caring; the tendency-to-collapse; the How to having death (2).

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Author Biography

Bento Silva Santos, Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil.

He has a degree in theology from the Pontifical Athenaeum of Saint Anselm (Rome-Italy, 1987-1990), a master’s degree in theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University (Rome-Italy, 1991-1993); a master’s degree (1996-1997) and a doctorate (1998-2001) in philosophy from PUC-RIO. Currently he is a full professor of the Department of Philosophy, permanent member of the Graduate Program in Philosophy (Master-PhD) at the Federal University of Espírito Santo and research productivity scholarship, level 02, CNPq since 2009.

References

Obras citadas de Martin Heidegger (GA = Gesamtausgabe)

HEIDEGGER, M. Das Problem der Sünde bei Luther. In: JASPERT B. (ed). Sachgemässe Exegese. Die Protokolle aus Rudolf Bultmanns Neutestamentlichen Seminaren, 1921-1951. Marburg: Elwert, 1996. p. 28-33 (trad. francesa e notas de Christian Sommer: Le problème du péché chez Luther (1924). In: ARRIEN, S.-J. ; CAMILLERI, S. (éd.). Le jeune Heidegger 1909-1926. Paris: J. Vrin, 2011). (Heidegger, 2011; ver, infra, Sommer, 2011).

HEIDEGGER, M. Die Grundbegriffe der antiken Philosophie (SS 1926) (GA 22). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1993 (trad. italiana: I concetti fondamentali dela filosofia antica (GA 22). Milano: Adelphi, 2000. (= Heidegger, 2000).

HEIDEGGER, M. Die Grundprobleme der Phänomenologie [Sommersemester 1927] (GA 24). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1975 (3 1997). (= Heidegger, 1975)

HEIDEGGER, M. Einführung in die Phänomenologie Forschung [WS 1923/1924] (GA 17). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1994 (2 2006). (= Heidegger, 1994).

HEIDEGGER, M. Exercices sur Aristote, De Anima (semestre d’été 1921). Trad. de Sylvain Camilleri e Christophe Perrin. In: ARRIEN, S.-J.; CAMILLERI, S. (éd.). Le jeune Heidegger 1909-1926. Paris: J. Vrin, 2011a. p. 239- 257. (= Heidegger, 2011a).

HEIDEGGER, M. Grundbegriffe der aristotelischen Philosophie [Sommersemester 1924] (GA 18). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 2002. (= Heidegger, 2002).

HEIDEGGER, M. Grundprobleme der Phänomenologie [WS 1919/20] (GA 58). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1993 (2 2010). (= Heidegger, 1993).

HEIDEGGER, M. Le problème du péché chez Luther (1924). In: ARRIEN, S.-J. ; CAMILLERI, S. (éd.). Le jeune Heidegger 1909-1926, 259-264 (com as notas de Christian Sommer, p. 265-286). Paris: J. Vrin, 2011b. (= Heidegger, 2011b).

HEIDEGGER, M. Ontologie. (Hermeneutik der Faktizität) [SS 1923] (GA 63). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1988 (3 2018). (= Heidegger, 1988).

HEIDEGGER, M. Phänomenologie des religiösen Lebens (GA 60). 1. Einleitung in die Phänomenologie der Religion [WS 1920/1921]. 2. Augustinus und Neuplatonismus (SS 1921). 3. Die philosophischen Grundlagen der mittelalterlichen Mystik (1918/1919). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1995 (2 2011). (= Heidegger, 1995).

HEIDEGGER, M. Phänomenologische Interpretationen ausgewählter Abhandlungen des Aristoteles zu Ontologie und Logik, [Sommersemester 1922] (GA 62). Vittorio Klostermann: Frankfurt am Main 2005a. p. 1-339. (= Heidegger, 2005a).

HEIDEGGER, M. Phänomenologische Interpretationen zu Aristoteles. Einführung in die phänomenologische Forschung [WS 1921/1922] (GA 61). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1985 (2 1994). (= Heidegger, 1985).

HEIDEGGER, M. Phänomenologische Interpretationen zu Aristoteles. (Anzeige der hermeneutischen Situation). In: DILTHEY-JAHRBUCH 6. 1989. p. 236-274 (1 = primeira publicação do chamado Natorp-Bericht) (= Heidegger, 1989); Phänomenologische Interpretationen zu Aristoteles. Ausarbeitung für die Marburger und die Göttinger Philosophische Fakultät (1922), hrsg. v. G. Neumann, Stuttgart: Reclam, 2003 (2 = segunda publicação do Natorp-Bericht); Phänomenologische Interpretationen zu Aristoteles. Ausarbeitung für die Marburger und die Göttinger Philosophische Fakultät (1922), In: Phänomenologische Interpretationen ausgewählter Abhandlungen des Aristoteles zu Ontologie und Logik, Frühe Freiburger Vorlesung [Sommersemester 1922] (GA 62). Vittorio Klostermann: Frankfurt am Main 2005b. p. 341-419 (3 = terceira publicação e última versão do Natorp-Bericht. (= Heidegger, 2005b).

HEIDEGGER, M. Platon: Sophistes (Wintersemester 1924/25). (GA19). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1992 (2 2018). (= Heidegger, 1992).

HEIDEGGER, M. Prolegomena zur Geschichte des Zeitbegriffs [SS 1925] (GA 20). Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, 1979. (= Heidegger, 1979).

HEIDEGGER, M. Ser e Tempo. Edição em alemão e português. Tradução, organização, nota prévia, anexos e notas por Fausto Castilho. São Paulo: Unicamp; Petrópolis: Vozes, 2012. p. 193/541 (original/tradução, respectivamente). Tradução modificada. (= Heidegger, 2012).

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WU, R. Resenha: Bento Silva Santos. A Fenomenologia hermenêutica da vida fática de Martin Heidegger (1919- 1923). Sofia, Vitória, v. 14, n. 1, e14147527, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47456/sofia.v14i1.47527