Spotify and the question concerning audience in platform environments

Authors

  • Liráucio Girardi Jr Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brasil; Faculdade Cásper Líbero (FCL), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-0758

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2023.1.42773

Keywords:

audience, brodcasting, platforms, Spotify

Abstract

In this paper, we address the locus of the "audience", the reconfiguration of the experiences of fruition in platform environments and the way this same problem was faced at the beginning of broadcasting. At first, we review briefly the development of audience research, directly focused on the activities of media organizations, its encounter with administrative research of Paul Lazarsfeld and Frank Stanton and the type of questions that motivated it. Then, we tried to map some important reconfigurations of these same questions in platformized environments and how Spotify has tried to face them. In this trajectory it was possible to identify the construction of a very particular imaginary about the meaning of this experience and the processes of measurement and control developed to capture attention

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Liráucio Girardi Jr, Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brasil; Faculdade Cásper Líbero (FCL), São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Doutor em Sociologia pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP), em São Paulo, SP, Brasil; mestre em Ciência Política pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), em Campinas, SP, Brasil; graduado em Ciências Sociais pela msma instituição. Professor do PPGCOM da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), na Escola da Indústria Criativa/USCS, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brasil e da Faculdade Cásper Líbero (FCL), em São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

References

ANDRÉA, Carlos d’. Pesquisando plataformas online: conceitos e métodos. Salvador: EDUFBA, 2020.

ANG, Ien. Desperately Seeking the Audience. London: Routledge, 1991.

ARRIAGADA, Arturo; CONCHA, Paz. Cultural intermediaries in the making of branded music events: digital cultural capital in tension, Journal of Cultural Economy, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 1, p. 42-53, 2020.

BAYM, Nancy et al. Making Sense of Metrics in the Music Industries. International Journal of Communication, [S. l.], n. 15, p. 3418–3441, 2021.

BEER, David. Metric Power. London: Plagrave Macmillan, 2016.

BENIGER, James R. The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society. Cambridge/MA: Harvard University Press, 1986.

BENJAMIN, Walter. Sobre Alguns Temas em Charles Baudelaire. In: Charles Baudelaire: um lírico no auge0 do capitalismo. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1989. p. 103-149. (Obras Escolhidas, v. 3).

BENTES, Anna. A gestão algorítmica da atenção: enganchar, conhecer e persuadir. In: POLIDO, Fabrício; ANJOS, Lucas; BRANDÃO, Luíza (org.). Política, Internet e Sociedade. Belo Horizonte: Instituto de Referência em Internet e Sociedade, 2019. p. 222-234.

BRUNO, Fernanda; BENTES, Anna C.F.; FALTAY, Paulo. Economia Psíquica dos Algorítmos e Laboratório de Plataforma: mercado, ciência e modulação do comportamento. Porto Alegre, Famecos, v. 26, n. 3, p. 1-21, dez. 2019.

BONINI, Tiziano.; GANDINI, Alessandro. “First Week Is Editorial, Second Week Is Algorithmic”: Platform Gatekeepers and the Platformization of Music Curation. Social Media + Society, 2019.

BOURDIEU, Pierre. Regras da Arte. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1996.

BRUNO, Fernanda G.; BENTES, Anna Carolina F.; FALTAY, Paulo. Economia Psíquica dos Algoritmos e Laboratório de Plataforma: mercado, ciência e modulação de comportamento. Famecos, Porto Alegre v. 26, n. 3, p. 1-21, set./dez., 2019.

BUCHER, Taina. The algorithmic imaginary: exploring the ordinary affects of Facebook algorithms. Information, Communication & Society, [S. l.], v. 20, n. 1, p. 30-44, 2017.

CHODOS, Asher t. What Does Music Mean to Spotify? An Essay on Musical Significance in the Era of Digital Curation. Journal of Contemporary Music, Art and Technology, [S. l.], v. 1, n. 2, p. 36-64, jul. 2019.

DEUZE, Mark; SPEERS, Laura; BLANK, Peter. Vida midiática. Revista USP, [S. l.], n. 86, p. 139-145, 2010.

DODGE, Martin; KITCHIN, Rob. Codes of life: identification codes and the machine-readable World. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, [S. l.], v. 23, p. 851-881, 2005.

DRAPER, Nora A.; TUROW, Joseph. The corporate cultivation of digital resignation. New Media & Society, [S. l.], v. 21, n. 8, p. 1824-1839, 2019.

DUFFY, Brooke Erin; POELL, Thomas; NIEBORG, David B. Platform Practices in the Cultural Industries: Creativity, Labor, and Citizenship. Social Media + Society, [S. l.], p. 1-8, Oct./Dec. 2019.

FISKE, Marjorie; LAZARSFELD, Paul. The Columbia Office of Radio Research. Hollywood Quarterly, [S. l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 51-59, oct. 1945.

FREDERICO, Celso. Recepção: divergências metodológicas entre Adorno e Lazarsfeld. São Paulo. Matrizes, [S. l.], n. 2 p. 157-172, abr. 2008.

GILLESPIE, Tarleton. A relevância dos algoritmos. São Paulo, Parágrafo, [S. l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 95-121, jan./abr. 2018.

GIRARDI JÚNIOR, Liráucio. Pierre Bourdiu: questões de sociologia e Comunicação. São Paulo: Annablume: FAPESP, 2007

GIRARDI JR, Liráucio. Midiatização Profunda, Plataformas e Logjects. E-Compós, [S. l.], v. 24, 2021.

GIRARDI JÚNIOR, Liráucio.; RIBEIRO, Heitor. SPOTIFY: mediadores de escuta e arranjos algorítmicos. Revista Observatório, [S. l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. a1pt, 2022.

HELMOND, Anne. Plataformização da Web. In: OMENA, J. J. (org.). Métodos Digitais: teoria-prática-crítica. Lisboa: ICNOVA, 2019. p. 49 -72.

HESMONDHALGH, David; MEIER, Leslie M. What the digitalisation of music tells us about capitalism, culture and the power of the information technology sector. Information, Communication & Society, [S. l.], v. 21, n. 11, 2018.

HESSLER, Jennifer. Peoplemeter Technologies and the Biometric Turn in Audience Measurement. Television & New Media, [S. l.], v. 22, n.4, p. 1-20, 2019.

KISCHINHEVSKY, Marcelo; HERSCHMANN, Micael. A reconfiguração da indústria da música. E-compós, Brasília, v. 14, n. 1, p. 1-14, jan./abr. 2011.

LASWELL, Harold. Estrutura e a Função da Comunicação na Sociedade. In: COHN, Gabriel (org.). Comunicação e Indústria Cultural. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1978. p. 105-117.

LAZARSFELD, Paul. Remarks on administrative and critical communications research. Studies in philosophy and social science, 9 (2-16), 1941.

LAZARSFELD, Paul. Memoria de un episodio en la historia de la investigación social. Revista espanola de investigaciones sociologicas, [S. l.], v. 96, n. 1, p. 235-296, 2001.

LEVY, Mark R. The Lazarsfeld-Stanton Program Analyzer: an historical note. Journal of Communication, [S.l.], v. 32, n. 4, 1982.

McCOY, Megan. Pandora’s Audience Explorer Gives Advertisers Unprecedented Access to Listener Data. In: SXM Media. [S. l.], 26 set. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.pandoraforbrands.com/article/audience-explorer-access-to-listener-data. Acesso em: 2 ago. 2021.

McQUAIL, Denis. Audience Analysis. Thousand Oaks/CA: Sage, 1997.

MONTAÑO, S. A Construção do usuário na cultura audiovisual do Youtube. In: REIA, J. et al. (org.) Da televisão ao Youtube – influenciadores, audiência e normas. Rio de Janeiro: Beco do Azougue, 2021. p. 173-198.

MOROZOV, Evgeny. Big Tech: a ascensão dos dados e a morte da política. São Paulo: Ubu Editora, 2018.

MORRISON, David E. Kultur and Culture: The Case of Theodor W. Adorno and Paul F. Lazarsfeld Social Research. Social Research, [S. l.], v. 45, n. 2, p. 331-355 Summer 1978.

MOSCHETTA, Pedro H.; VIEIRA, Jorge. Música na era do streaming: curadoria e descoberta musical no Spotify. Sociologias, [S. l.], v. 20, n. 49, p. 258-292, dez. 2018.

NAPOLI, Philip M. Audience Evolution: New Technologies and the Transformation of Media Audiences. New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.

NAPOLI, Philip M. Ratings and Audience Measurement. In: NIGHTINGALE, Virginia (ed.). The Handbook of Media Audiences. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. p. 286-301.

NEIBORG, David B.; POELL, Thomas. The platformization of cultural production: Theorizing the contingent cultural commodity. New

Media & Society, v. 20, n. 11, p. 4275-4292, 2018.

NAPOLI, Philip M. Audience Evolution and the Future of Audience Research. The International Journal on Media Management, [S. l.], n. 14, p. 79-97, 2012.

PREY, Robert. Musica Analytica: The Datafication of Listening. In: NOWAK, R.; WHELAN, A. (ed.) Networked Music Cultures, Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. p. 31-48.

PREY, Robert. Nothing Personal: agorithmic individuation on music streaming platforms. Media, Culture & Society, [S. l.], v. 40, n. 7, p. 1086-1100, 2018.

PREY, Robert. Knowing Me, Knowing You: Datafication on Music Streaming Platforms. In: AHLERS, M.; GRÜNEWALD-SCHUKALLA, L.; LÜCKE, M.; RAUCH, M. (ed.). Big Data und Musik: Jahrbuch für Musikwirtschaftsund Musikkulturforschung 1/2018 (Jahrbuch für Musikwirtschafts-und Musikkulturforschung). Springer VS, 2019. p. 9-21.

RAFFA, Massimiliano; PRONZATO, Riccardo. The algorithmic imaginary of cultural producers. Towards platform- optimized music? Hermes. Journal of Communication, [S. l.], n. 19, p. 293-321, 2021.

RIEDER, Bernhard; MATAMOROS-FERNÁNDEZ, Ariadna; COROMINA, Òscar. From ranking algorithms to ‘ranking cultures’: Investigating the modulation of visibility. You-Tube search results. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, [S.l.], v. 24, n. 1, p. 50-68, 2018.

RÜDIGER, Francisco. Ciência, reflexão e crítica nos estudos de mídia. In: LOPES, Maria Immacolata Vassallo (org.).Epistemologia da comunicação no Brasil: trajetórias autorreflexivas. São Paulo: ECA-USP, 2016. p. 21-33.

SANTINI, Rosie. M. O Algoritmo do Gosto: Tecnologias de Controle, Contágio e Curadoria de Si. Curitiba: Editora Appris, 2020. v. 1.

SANTINI. Rosie. M.; SALLES, Débora. O impacto dos algoritmos no consumo de música: uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Signos do Consumo, [S. l.], São Paulo, v. 12, n. 1, p. 83-93, jan./jun. 2020.

SILVEIRA, Sérgio Amadeu. A noção de modulação e os sistemas algorítmicos. São Paulo, Revista Fapcom, [S. l.], v. 3, n. 6, p.17-26, jul./dez. 2019.

SMITH, Chris. Spotify hints it could monitor your heart to give you the right beat. In: TechRadar. [S. l.], 18 jan. 2014. Disponível em: https://www.techradar.com/news/internet/spotify-hints-it-could-monitor-your-heart-to-give-you-the-right-beat-1216457. Acesso em: 29 jul. 2021.

STRIPHAS, Ted. Algorithmic culture. European Journal of Cultural Studies, [S. l.], v. 18, n. 4-5, p. 395-412, 2015.

VAN DIJCK, Jose; POELL, Thomas; DE WALL, Martijn. The Plataform Society: public values in a connective world. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.

WEBSTER, James G.; PHALEN, Patricia F.; LICHTY, Lawrence W. Rating Analysis. 2. ed. Mahwah/NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000.

WILLIAMS. Raymond. Cultura e Sociedade. São Paulo: Editora Nacional, 1969.

WILLIAMS. Raymond. Television: technology and cultural form. London: Routledge, 1990.

ZUBOFF, Shoshana. A era do capitalismo de vigilância: a luta por um futuro humano na nova fronteira do poder. Rio de Janeiro: Intrínseca, 2020.

Published

2023-09-12

How to Cite

Girardi Jr, L. (2023). Spotify and the question concerning audience in platform environments. Revista FAMECOS, 30(1), e42773. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2023.1.42773

Issue

Section

Cyberculture

Most read articles by the same author(s)