Family Functionality, cognitive status and social participation are related to survival in nonagenarians and centenarians: data from a Brazilian cohort study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2020.1.35893Keywords:
Family relations, Aged, 80 and over, Survival analysisAbstract
Aim: To evaluate whether family functionality, using the instrument “Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve” (APGAR) and its components, as well as other health indicators, influences the survival of nonagenarians and centenarians.
Methods: Participants were randomly identified and evaluated in their homes of Porto Alegre — Brazil. Death or survival information were verified by telephone or death registry system. Follow-up time measured the number of months between the first evaluation and the date of death or the last contact. Participants with APGAR ≥ 7 were classified with good functionality. The APGAR components were analyzed as yes or no.
Results: Two-hundred-fourteen participants (73% women, age 92.4±3.59 years) were followed during 23±10.0 months. Sixty-on (28.5%) died. Survivors were younger (p<0.001), had better cognitive performance (p<0.001), and reported more frequently leaving home (p=0.010) and participating in social activities (p<0.001). Survivors had a similar frequency for good family functioning (90% p=0.994), but more often they were satisfied with their family time (p=0.032) and with the way the family showed affection and reacted to their feelings (p=0.083).
Conclusions: Family affection and time were significantly associated with lower hazard-ratio, even adjusted for age, as well as cognitive performance, social activities and the habit of leaving home. In addition to the preservation of cognitive performance, to remain physically and socially active, family support is related to the higher survival rate in nonagenarians and centenarians in Brazil.
Downloads
References
Camacho NCA, Morche KR, Muller ALW, Bós AJG. Por que nonagenários não se tornam centenários no Brasil? Rev AMRIGS. 2018;62(1):55-59.
Camarano AA, Kanso S. Envelhecimento da população brasileira: uma contribuição demográfica. In: Freitas EV, Py L, editors. Tratado de geriatria e gerontologia. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2016. p. 141-164.
Paschoal SMP. Qualidade de vida na velhice. In: Freitas EV, Py L, editors. Tratado de geriatria e gerontologia. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2016. p. 184-194.
Lemos ND, Medeiros SL. Suporte social ao idoso dependente. In: Freitas EV, Py L, editors. Tratado de geriatria e gerontologia. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2016. p. 2211-2218.
Rogers RG. The Effects of Family Composition, Health, and Social Support Linkages on Mortality. J Health Soc Behav. 1996;37(4):326-338. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137260.
Debert GG, Simões JA. Envelhecimento e velhice na família contemporânea. In: Freitas EV, Py L, editors. Tratado de Geriatria e Gerontologia. 3. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan; 2011. p. 1571-1579.
Lourenço RA, Veras RP. Mini-Exame do Estado Mental: características psicométricas em idosos ambulatoriais. Rev Saúde Pública. 2006;40(4):712-719. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102006000500023.
Almeida MSC. Efetividade da escala de depressão geriátrica de cinco itens em população idosa da comunidade [tese]. Porto Alegre (RS): PUCRS; 2010.
Vera I, Lucchese R, Nakatani AYK, Pagotto V, Montefusco SRA, Sadoyama G. Funcionalidade familiar em longevos residentes em domicílio. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2018 Dec 9];68(1):68-75. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2015680110p.
Brandão D, Ribeiro O, Afonso RM, Paúl C. Regional differences in morbidity profiles and health care use in the oldest old: Findings from two Centenarian Studies in Portugal. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019;82(Oct. 2018):139- 46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2019.02.009.
Miyawaki CE, Liu M. Gender differences in cognitive impairment among the old and the oldest-old in China. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019 Jul;19(7):586-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2019.02.009.
Wang B, He P, Dong B. Association between family functioning and cognitive impairment among Chinese nonagenarians/centenarians. Geriatr Gerontol Int [Internet]. 2015 Sep 1 [cited 2018 Nov 21];15(9):1135-42. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ggi.12410.
Samper-Ternent R, Kuo YF, Ray LA, Ottenbacher KJ, Markides KS, Al Snih S. Prevalence of Health Conditions and Predictors of Mortality in Oldest Old Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites. J Am Med Dir Assoc [Internet]. 2012 Mar 1 [cited 2018 Mar 27];13(3):254-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2010.07.010.
Tuominen K, Pirhonen J. “Who would take a 90-year-old?” Community-dwelling nonagenarians’ perceptions of social relationships. Int J Ageing Later Life. 2019;13(1):111- 37. https://doi.org/10.3384/ijal.1652-8670.18387.
Hu X, Gu S, Sun X. Gu Y, Zhen X, Li Y, Huang M, Wei J, Dong H. Cognitive ageing trajectories and mortality of Chinese oldest-old. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019;82:81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2019.01.018.
Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Baker M, Harris T, Stephenson D. Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review. Perspect Psychol Sci [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2019 Jun 26];10(2):227-37. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 PAJAR - Pan American Journal of Aging Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright
The submission of originals to PAJAR implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite PAJAR as the site of original publication.
Creative Commons License
Except where otherwise specified, material published in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is correctly cited.
