Generational fracture in Brazil in the beginning of the 21st century?
Analysis of the life chances of the young generation in Brazil between 2012 and 2019
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-7289.2022.1.41669Keywords:
Generational fracture, Trajectory effect, YouthsAbstract
The decline in social and economic indicators in Brazil in the second decade of the 21st century raises the question of which will be the impacts of this negative situation on the young generations. We analyze this scenario by combining the theory of generational fracture with the bourdieusian theory of class, in particular the concept of trajectory effect, to understand the strategies of social agents based on the relationship between capital structure and capital reproduction instruments. We used the correspondence analysis technique to build a map of the variables with data from Pnad-C of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), comparing the situation of the young generation between 2012 and 2019. The results point to a reduction in middle class occupations in Brazil, which was more felt by the younger generation, as well as by the increase of highly educated young people in manual workers classes. These evidences indicates a possible generational fracture in the second decade of the 21st century.
Downloads
References
Bourdieu, Pierre. 2011a. A distinção: crítica social do julgamento. 2. ed. Porto Alegre: Zouk.
Bourdieu, Pierre. 2011b. O Poder Simbólico. 15. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil.
Breen, Richard. 2015. Fundamentos de uma análise de classe neoweberiana. In Análise de classe: abordagens, organizado por Erik Olin Wright, 46-65. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes.
Chauvel, Louis. 2008. Social generations, life chances and welfare regime sustainability. In Changing France: the politics that markets makes, organizado por Pepper Culpepper, Peter Hall and Bruno Palier, 150-175. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan.
Chauvel, Louis. 2020. The western middle classes under stress: welfare state retrenchments, globalization, and declining returns to education. Mir Rossii 29 (4): 85-111. https://doi.org/10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-4-85-111.
Chauvel, Louis, Eyal B. Haim, Anne Hartung, Emily Murphy. 2021. Rewealthization in twenty-first century Western countries: the defining trend of the socioeconomic squeeze of the middle class. The Journal of Chinese Sociology 8 (1): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-020-00135-6.
Costa, Luana e Celi Scalon. 2013. Income inequality and social stratification in Brazil: key determining factors and changes in the first decade of the 21st century. In Handbook on social stratification in the Bric countries: change and perspective, organizado por Li Peiling, Mikhail K. Gorshkov, Celi Scalon and K L Sharma, 421-38. Cingapura: World Scientific Publishing.
Erikson, Robert, John H. Goldthorpe e Lucienne Portocarero. 1979. Intergenerational class mobility in three western european societies: England, France and Sweden. The British Journal of Sociology 30 (4): 415-41. https://doi.org/10.2307/589632.
Goldthorpe, John H., Catriona Llewellyn e Clive Payne. 1987. Social mobility and class structure in modern Britain. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Gomes, Hellen B., Selma S. B. de Oliveira, Márcia I. P. Andrade. 2019. Desemprego, juventude e crise estrutural do capital: o precariado na cena contemporânea. Revista Internacional Interdisciplinar Interthesis 16 (3): 18-38. https://doi.org/10.5007/1807-1384.2019v16n3p18.
Hair Jr., Joseph F., William C. Black, Barry J. Babin, Rolph E. Anderson e Ronald L. Tatham. 2009. Análise multivariada de dados. 6. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman.
Lê, Sebastien, Julie Josse, François Husson. 2008. FactoMineR: An R Package for Multivariate Analysis. Journal of Statistical Software 25 (1): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v025.i01.
Miranda-Ribeiro, Adriana, Ricardo A. Garcia e Tereza C. de A. B. Faria. 2019. Baixa fecundidade e adiamento do primeiro filho no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 36, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0080.
Neri, Marcelo. 2008. A nova classe média. Rio de Janeiro: CPS-FGV.
Pochmann, Márcio. 2012. Nova classe média? O trabalho na base da pirâmide social brasileira. São Paulo: Boitempo Editorial.
Pochmann, Márcio. 2018. Tendências estruturais do mundo do trabalho no Brasil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 25 (1): 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020251.29562019.
Rouanet, Henry, Wemer Ackermann, Brigitte Le Roux. 2000. The geometric analysis of questionnaires: the lesson of Bourdieu’s La Distinction. Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 65 (1): 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/075910630006500103.
Salata, André. 2018. Ensino superior no Brasil das últimas décadas: redução nas desigualdades de acesso? Tempo Social 30 (2): 219-53. https://doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2018.125482.
Salata, André e Celi Scalon. 2020. Socioeconomic mobility, expectations and attitudes towards inequality in Brazil. Sociologia & Antropologia 10 (2): 647-76. https://doi.org/10.1590/2238-38752020v10213.
Savage, Mike. 2016. A queda e o crescimento da análise de classes na sociologia britânica, 1950-2016. Tempo Social 28 (2): 57-72. https://doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2016.110570.
Scalon, Celi. 1999. Mobilidade social no Brasil: padrões e tendências. Rio de Janeiro: Revan-Ipuerj-UCM.
Scalon, Celi. 2013. Social stratification and its transformation in Brazil. In Handbook on social stratification in the Bric countries: changes and perspectives, organizado por Li Peilin, Mikhail K. Gorshkov, Celi Scalon, K L Sharma, 3-19. Cingapura: World Scientific Publishing.
Scalon, Celi e André Salata. 2012. Uma nova classe média no Brasil da última década? O debate a partir da perspectiva sociológica. Sociedade e estado 27 (2): 387-407. https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/sociedade/article/view/5658.
Scalon, Celi, André Junqueira Caetano, Hugo Chaves, Luana Costa. 2021. Back to the past: gains and losses in Brazilian society. The Journal of Chinese Sociology 8 (1): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-020-00132-9.
Souza, Jessé. 2010. Os batalhadores brasileiros: nova classe média ou nova classe trabalhadora? Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG.
Silva, Nelson do V., Carlos Hasenbalg. 2000. Tendências da desigualdade educacional no Brasil. Dados 43 (3): 423-45. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0011-52582000000300001.
Sposito, Marilia P., Raquel Souza, Fernanda A. Silva. 2018. A pesquisa sobre jovens no Brasil: traçando novos desafios a partir de dados quantitativos. Educação e Pesquisa 44:1-24. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634201712170308.
Weber, Max. 1999. Economia e sociedade: fundamentos da sociologia compreensiva. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília.
Weininger, Elliot. 2015. Fundamentos de uma análise de classe de Pierre Bourdieu. In Análise de classe: abordagens, organizado por Erik Olin Wright, 46-65. Petrópolis: Editora Vozes.
Weller, Wivian. 2010. A atualidade do conceito de gerações de Karl Mannheim. Sociedade e Estado 25 (2): 205-24. https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/sociedade/article/view/5530.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Civitas: journal of Social Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The submission of originals to this journal implies the transfer by the authors of the right for printed and digital publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite this journal as the site of original publication. As the journal is of open access, the articles are allowed for free use in scientific and educational applications, with citation of the source (please see the Creative Commons License at the bottom of this page).
