Tareas de lenguaje para el entrenamiento cognitivo en el envejecimiento típico y el deterioro cognitivo: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-4301.2023.1.44274Palabras clave:
Estimulación cognitiva, Lenguaje, Envejecimiento, Defecto cognitivo leve, Enfermedad de Alzheimer.Resumen
El crecimiento de la población anciana há llevado a la búsqueda del mantenimiento y mejora del rendimiento cognitivo y la calidad de vida en el envejecimiento. Esta revisión busca verificar el impacto del entrenamiento cognitivo basado en el lenguaje en la cognición (lenguaje, memorias de trabajo, episódica y semántica y funciones ejecutivas) de personas mayores típicas, con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Consultando las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus y Web of Science, siguiendo los procedimientos PRISMA, se identificaron 408 artículos y, tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión, se seleccionaron 13. Los resultados indican que en dos estudios con adultos mayores sanos hubo mejoras em los constructos entrenados en los grupos experimentales; entre los estudios con ancianos neuroatípicos, seis verificaron mejor desempeño en las pruebas posteriores a la intervención. En los otros estudios, la mejora en los constructos cognitivos fue parcial o se verificó solo durante la prueba, no en el seguimiento. El entrenamiento cognitivo con énfasis en el linguaje demostró ser eficaz para la mejora cognitiva, tanto em poblaciones neurotípicas como en aquellas con DCL y EA. Los estudios aún no son concluyentes en cuanto a la duración total, la frecuencia e intensidad idónea del entrenamiento, la modalidad (online o presencial), así como sus beneficios en relación con el perfil de los participantes.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Letícia Maria Kaspary, Fernanda Souza Espinosa Borges, Mariana de Lima Amaral, Gustavo Silva da Rocha, Lilian Cristine Hübner
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