Avaliação dos traços de personalidade e sua associação com a aprendizagem de habilidades de comunicação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2020.1.37326Palavras-chave:
Educação médica, aprendizagem, estudantes de medicinaResumo
Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar se se existe uma associação entre traços de personalidade e atitudes quanto à aprendizagem de habilidades de comunicação em estudantes de medicina. A relação entre as atitudes dos alunos e o traço de personalidade pode nos ajudar a identificar aqueles que necessitarão maior apoio para desenvolver habilidades de comunicação, a partir da identificação inicial do traço de personalidade.
Métodos: Os dados foram coletados em uma amostra intencional em um corte transversal composta por 204 estudantes de três universidades brasileiras. Os alunos responderam a questionários contendo a Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS-BR) e o Big Five Mini-Markers (BFMM) para personalidade. Os dados foram analisados usando cálculos de frequência, análise de componentes principais e o modelo de regressão linear múltipla.
Resultados: Sete dos 26 itens do Communication Skills Attitude Scale (escala original - CSAS) apresentaram cargas fatoriais inferiores a |0.30|e foram excluídos no CSAS-BR, que mostrou um domínio contendo atitudes positivas e negativas. O valor do alfa de Cronbach na escala de 19 itens foi 0,894. O BFMM mostrou resultados dimensionais semelhantes com cinco domínios com valores alfa de Cronbach de 0,804 para extroversão, 0,753 para amabilidade, 0,755 para conscienciosidade, 0,780 para neuroticismo e 0,668 para abertura. Houve associações lineares positivas e estatisticamente significativas do CSAS-BR com amabilidade (β: 0,230, p <0,001), extroversão (β: 0,150, p = 0,030) e abertura à experiência (β: 0,190, p = 0,010). Esses fatores de personalidade promovem interações sociais e relações interpessoais com tendência de serem amigáveis, flexíveis e cooperativas; bem como estarem disponíveis; e com capacidade de se envolver ativamente com as outras pessoas.
Conclusões: Este estudo, com a metodologia empregada, mostrou que traços amabilidade, extroversão e abertura à experiência estiveram associados com habilidades de comunicação em acadêmicos de três universidades brasileiras. Os resultados sugerem que a avaliação dos traços de personalidade possa contribuir para o reconhecimento de alunos para os quais o estabelecimento de estratégias especiais de ensino possa melhorar as habilidades de comunicação.
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