Indirect media frame analysis: a methodological alternative to identify cultural frames
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2011.1.8810Keywords:
Media frames, frame analysis, methodologyAbstract
This work aims to formulate a methodology for the indirect analysis of media frames. Our main argument is that coding more explicit elements in the text instead of coding frames as a particular variable provides more validity and reliability to the analysis. The paper is divided into three parts: at first, we explore the methodological procedures traditionally applied in the frame analysis; next, we offer some methods for the indirect identification of frames; lastly, we apply the methodology to an empirical case. We adopt a conceptual perspective that understands media frames as cultural patterns of interpretation. However, in contrast with most of the studies that are based in the same approach, we identify frames by more objective and explicit elements than by frames themselves.Downloads
References
D’ANGELO, Paul. News framing as a multiparadigmatic research program: a response to Entman. Journal of Communication, v. 52, n. 4, p. 870-888, 2002.
DOWNS, Douglas. Representing gun owners: frame identification as social responsability in news media discourse.
Written Communication, v. 19, p. 44-75, 2002.
ENTMAN, Robert. M. Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, v. 43, n. 4, p. 51–58, 1993.
______. Projections of power: framing news, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy. Chicago: The University of Chicago
Press, 2004.
GAMSON, William.; MODIGLIANI, Andre. Media discurse and public opinion on nuclear power: a construcionist approach. American Journal of Sociology, v. 95, p. 1-37, 1989.
GAMSON, William. Talking politics. Cambrigde: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
GITLIN, Todd. The whole world is watching: mass media in the making & unmaking of the new left. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980.
GOFFMAN, Erving. Frame analysis: an essay on the organization of experience. Cambrigde: Harvard University Press, 1974.
HERTOG, James. K; MCLEOD, Douglas. M. A multiperspectival approach to framing analysis: a Field guide. In: REESE, Stephen. D.; GANDY JR., Oscar. H.; GRANT, August. E. (Orgs.). Framing public life: perspectives on media and our understanding of social life. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, 2001, p. 139-161.
IYENGAR, Shanto. Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Illinois: University of Chicago Press,
KAHNEMAN, Daniel; TVERSKY, Amos. Choices, values and frames. American Psychologist, v. 39, p. 341-395, 1984.
MATTHES, Jörg.; KOHRING, Matthias. The content analysis of media frames: Toward improving reliability and validity. Journal of Communication, v. 58, n. 2, p. 258-279, 2008.
MILLER, Mark M.; RIECHERT, Bonnie Parnell. The spiral of opportunity and frame resonance: mapping the issue cycle in news and public discourse. In: REESE, Stephen. D.; GANDY JR., Oscar. H.; GRANT, August. E. (Orgs.). Framing public life: perspectives on media and our understanding of social life. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, 2001, p. 107-121.
REESE, Stephen. D. Prologue – framing public life: a brigding model for media research. In: REESE, Stephen. D.; GANDY JR., Oscar. H.; GRANT, August. E. (Orgs.). Framing public life: perspectives on media and our understanding of social life. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, 2001, p. 7-31.
SEMETKO, H. A.; VALKENBURG, P. M. Framing european politics: a content analysis of press and television news. Journal of Communication, v. 50, p. 93-109, 2000.
TANKARD, James. W. The empirical approach to the study of media framing. In: REESE, Stephen. D.; GANDY JR., Oscar. H.; GRANT, August. E. (Orgs.). Framing public life: perspectives on media and our understanding of social life. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, 2001, p. 95-106.
VIMIEIRO, Ana Carolina. Cultura pública e aprendizado social: a trajetória dos enquadramentos sobre a temática da deficiência na imprensa brasileira (1960-2008). 2010. Dissertação (Mestrado em Comunicação Social) – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 2010.
ZHONGDANG, Pan; KOSICKI, Gerald. M. Framing as a strategic action in public deliberation. In: REESE, Stephen.
D.; GANDY JR., Oscar. H.; GRANT, August. E. (Orgs.). Framing public life: perspectives on media and our understanding
of social life. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers, 2001, p. 35-65.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright
The submission of originals to Revista Famecos implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Revista Famecos as the site of original publication.
Creative Commons License
Except where otherwise specified, material published in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is correctly cited.
