Ingesta inadecuada de alimentos en los ancianos: interacción entre medicamentos y nutrientes

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2020.1.34072

Palabras clave:

desnutrición, envejecimiento, polifarmacia, enfermedades carenciales.

Resumen

Objetivos: evaluar la inadecuación del consumo alimentario y la depleción estimada de nutrientes causada por el uso de fármacos en ancianos.

Métodos: estudio poblacional transversal, donde participaron 427 ancianos. El consumo alimentario fue obtenido a partir de la Encuesta Recordatoria de 24 Horas e Investigación de la Historia Dietética. El uso de medicamentos se evaluó mediante un cuestionario farmacoterapéutico.

Resultados: de los ancianos 85,8% utilizan medicamentos, siendo los más prevalentes inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (29,2%), ácido acetilsalicílico (28,7%), hidroclorotiazida (24,4%), inhibidores de la enzima hidroximetilglutaril coenzima La reductasa (17,0%), carbonato de calcio (12,6%) e inhibidores de las bombas de protones (8,2%). El ácido acetilsalicílico, hidroclorotiazida e inhibidores de las bombas de protones son los fármacos que posiblemente deplete mayor número de nutrientes. De los usuarios de inhibidores de la enzima hidroximetilglutaril coenzima La reductasa, el 97% tenía inadecuación para la vitamina E; de diuréticos ahorradores de potasio, 90,0% inadecuación para el magnesio; de digoxina, 83,3% inadecuación para magnesio y 58,3% para calcio y potasio.

Conclusiones: los fármacos más utilizados por ancianos son responsables de la depleción de innumerables micronutrientes, muchas veces asociado a una alta prevalencia de inadecuación de consumo, pudiendo acarrear posibles deficiencias nutricionales.

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Biografía del autor/a

Carina Duarte Venturini, Hospital de Aeronáutica de Canoas (HACO), Canoas, RS, Brasil.

Nutricionista. Doutora em Gerontologia Biomédica. Hospital de Aeronáutica de Canoas.

Paula Engroff, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS

Farmacêutica. Doutora em Gerontologia Biomédica. Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande do Sul.

Vanessa Sgnaolin, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS.

Farmacêutica. Doutora em Gerontologia Biomédica. Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande do Sul.

Raquel Milani El Kik, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS.

Nutricionista. Doutora em Gerontologia Biomédica. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul.

Fernanda Bueno Morrone, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS.

Farmacêutica. Doutorado em Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul.

Irenio Gomes, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS.

Médico. Doutor em Gerontologia Biomédica. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul.

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Publicado

2020-03-30

Cómo citar

Duarte Venturini, C., Engroff, P., Sgnaolin, V., Milani El Kik, R., Bueno Morrone, F., & Gomes, I. (2020). Ingesta inadecuada de alimentos en los ancianos: interacción entre medicamentos y nutrientes. PAJAR - Pan-American Journal of Aging Research, 8(1), e34072. https://doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2020.1.34072

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