The concept of Second Independence in Chile and Argentina in the 19th and 20th centuries: variations of a strategy, four reflections and a proposal

Abstract

The article, through four different considerations of the topic, analyzes the history, application, and significance of the idea of a Second Independence beginning at its source with the romantic thinkers of the 19th Century (Esteban Echeverria, Jose Victorino Lastarria, Francisco Bilbao); later gaining strength and clarity with Jose Marti; coming to rest in Chile in the 1960s, and the point of view of Salvador Allende. The analysis later focus on the current situation and what should be its future validity with a view to the Bicentennial.