Celebrating the Indian, defending the indigenismo: the “Indian Day” and the Inter-American Indian Institute
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2017.1.24069Keywords:
indigenismo, celebrations, Indigenous people, Indian Day, Inter-American Indian InstituteAbstract
The First Inter-American Indian Conference, held in Pátzcuaro (Mexico) in 1940, resolved to set aside April 19 of each year as “Indian Day” throughout the Americas to commemorate the date on which the Indian delegates joined the Conference. This article examines the creation of this new holiday by indigenistas who were at the same time founding the Inter-American Indian Institute (III) for the purpose of defining and developing a common policy about the “Indian problem”. I will first focus on the official adoption of Indian Day during the heyday of indigenismo (1940-1970), and discuss whether (or not) it became the hemispheric indigenista holiday envisioned by its creators. Secondly, the analysis of official speeches that the director and representatives of the III gave on occasion of the holiday will suggest that the Indian Day offered a useful scenario for an historical and present-day narrative about Indian People and Latin American countries, while assigning a crucial role to indigenismo. Actually, I will argue, the significance of the Indian Day, beyond its explicit tribute to the Indian, was rather related to the defense of indigenismo and the indigenista policies, at both the inter-American and the national level.
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