Naive and poor orphans: the use of child labor at the end of slavery

Abstract

The work exploration of the kids, of the ingenuous younger and of the abandoned orphan, children of the free and single poor women, was largely spread among many farmers and members of the Brazilian elite at the end of the slavery period. Ex-owneres of slaves in Taubaté, supported by the judiciary power, tutored the children of their free slave women. Kids and youngers changed their juridical condition from ingenuous children to abandoned orphans. After being tutored the kids were conducted to home or farming work.