Revolution, reform and democracy: civil society in Portugal and Spain, 1960s-2000s
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2015.2.21306Keywords:
Portugal, Spain, civic society, reform, revolution.Abstract
Portugal and Spain had radically divergent paths to democracy: social revolution in Portugal and reform in Spain. In this paper, the author suggests that a revolutionary path to democracy had a positive effect on self-organizing capabilities of the middle and working classes. Though not always lead to democratic regimes, social revolutions tend to institutionalize mechanisms that encourage civic participation of the masses. Thus, democracies arising from a revolutionary process tend to offer more opportunities and mechanisms for participation and civic inclusion of the masses in national political life.
Downloads
References
ANDERSON, Leslie E. Social Capital in Developing Democracies. Nicaragua and Argentina Compared. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
BERMEO, Nancy. The Revolution within the Revolution: Worker’s Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.
FISHMAN, Robert M. Democratic Practice after the Revolution: the case of Portugal and Beyond. Politics and Society, v. 39, n. 2, p. 233-267, 2011.
FORAN, John; Good win , Jeff. Revolutionary Outcomes in Iran and Nicaragua: Coalition Fragmentation, War, and the Limits of Social Transformation. Theory and Society, v. 22, n. 2, p. 209-247, 1993.
GOODWIN, Jeff. No Other Way Out. States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945-1991. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
MAXWELL, Kenneth. Regime Overthrow and the Prospects for Democratic Transition in Portugal. In: O’DONNELL, Guillermo; SCHMITTER, Philippe C.; WHITEHEAD, Laurence (Org.). Transitions from Authoritarian Rule. Southern Europe. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986. p. 109-137.
VIEGAS, José Manuel Leite; SANTOS, Susana. Envolvimento dos cidadãos e dos parlamentares nas associações. In: FREIRE, André; VIEGAS, José Manuel Leite.Representação Política. O Caso Português em Perspectiva Comparada. Lisboa: Sextante, 2010. p. 119-143.
SANTOS, Boaventura Sousa. O Estado e a Sociedade em Portugal (1974 1988). Porto: Afrontamento, 1992.
