Event-duration semantics in online sentence processing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-7726.2018.1.28695Palabras clave:
Processamento de sentenças, Semântica do tempo, Duração de eventos, Percepção do tempo, Coerção aspectual.Resumen
Several experiments in Psycholinguistics found evidences of Iterative Coercion, an effect related to the reanalysis of punctual events used in durative contexts triggering an iterative meaning. We argue that this effect is not related to aspectual features, and that event-duration semantics is accessed during Sentence Processing. We ran a self-paced reading experiment in Brazilian Portuguese whose sentences contain events with an average duration of a few minutes. These sentences were inserted in durative contexts that became the experiment’s conditions following a Latin Square design: control condition (minutes), subtractive (seconds), iterative (hours) and habitual (days). Higher RTs were measured at the critical segments of all experimental conditions, except for the habitual context. The results corroborated our hypothesis while defying the psychological reality of habitual coercion. To better observe the habitual coercion condition, we now present a reanalysis of Sampaio et al. (2014) data. The present analysis confirms the results of our tests.
***Semântica da duração de eventos no processamento online de sentenças***
Diversos experimentos psicolinguísticos encontraram evidências da Coerção
Iterativa, um efeito relacionado à reanálise de eventos pontuais usados emcontextos durativos, que resultam numa leitura iterativa. Nesse trabalho argumentamos que esse efeito não é relacionado a propriedades aspectuais e que a semântica da duração dos eventos é acessada online. Aplicamos um experimento de leitura auto-monitorada em Português Brasileiro, cujas sentenças contém eventos com duração média de alguns minutos. Estas sentenças foram inseridas em quatro condições durativas, seguindo uma distribuição fatorial (quadrado latino):condição controle (minutos), subtrativa (segundos), iterativa (horas) e habitual (dias). Nossos resultados indicam maiores RTs nos segmentos críticos das condições experimentais, exceto em relação a condição habitual. Esses resultados confirmam nossa hipótese, porém, põem em cheque a realidade psicológica da coerção habitual. Assim, para melhor observar os efeitos dessa condição, procedemos uma reanálise dos dados de Sampaio et al. (2014), que finalmente veio confirmar o resultado de nosso teste.
Descargas
Citas
ALFORD, Danny Keith Hawkmoon. Reality, Time and Language as field wave and particle, Special Field Examination, Berkeley, 1981.
BŁASZCZAK, Joanna; KLIMEK-JANKOWSKA, Dorota. Aspectual coercion versus blocking: experimental evidence from ERP study on Polish converbs. In: BŁASZCZAK, Joanna (ed). How categorical are categories? New approaches to the old questions of Tense, Aspect and Mood. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2016.
BRENNAN, Jonathan; PYLKKÄNEN, Liina. Processing Events: Behavioral and Neuromagnetic Correlates of Aspectual Coercion. Brain and Language, n. 106, p. 132-143, 2008.
BYLUND, Emanuel; ATHANASOPOULOS, Panos. The Whorfian time warp: representing duration through the language hourglass. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2017.
CHAN, Ho Leung. Aspectual Coercion in non-native speakers of English. In: KNAUFF, Markus; PAUEN, Michael; SEBANZ, Nathalie; WACHSMUTH Ipke. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society, p. 2006-2011, 2013.
COLL-FLORIT, Marta; GENNARI, Silvia. Time in language: Event duration in language comprehension. Cognitive Psychology, v. 62, n. 1, p. 41-79, 2011.
DE SWART, Henriette, Aspect shift and coercion. Natural Language & linguistic Theory, n. 16, p. 347-385, 1998.
DÖLLING, Johannes. Aspectual Coercion and Eventuality Structure. In: ROBERKING Klaus (Ed.). Events, Arguments and Aspects: Topics in the Semantics of Verbs (Studies in Language Companion Series 152), Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. p. 189-226.
FABER, Mirthe; GENNARI, Silvia P. Representing time in language and memory: The role of similarity structure, Acta Psychologica, v. 156, p. 156-261, 2015.
FRAISSE, Paul. Perception and Estimation of Time, Annual Review of Psychology, n. 35, p. 1-36, 1984.
GAUTHIER, Baptiste; VAN WASSENHOVE, Virginie (2016). Cognitive mapping in mental time travel and mental space navigation. Cognition, v. 154, p. 55-68.
GAUTHIER, Baptiste; VAN WASSENHOVE, Virginie. Time is not space: core computations and domain-specific networks for mental travels. Journal of Neuroscience, v. 36, n. 47, p. 11891-11903, 2017.
HOAGLIN, D. C.; IGLEWICZ, B.; TURKEY, J. W. Performance of some resistant rules for outlier labeling, Journal of American Statistical Association, n. 81, p. 991-999, 1986.
HORNSTEIN, Nobert. Tense and Universal Grammar, MIT Press, 256p. 1993.
JACKENDOFF, Ray. The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.
MANI, Inderjeeet; PUSTEJOVSKY, James; GAIZAUSKAS, Robert. The Language of Time: A Reader, Oxford University Press, 2005. 600 p.
MOENS, Marc. Tense, Aspect and Temporal Reference, 1987. 211f. Tese (Doutorado) – University of Edinburgh, Edinburg, 1987.
PACZYNSKI, Martin; JACKENDOFF, Ray; KUPERBERG, Gina. When events change their nature: The neurocognitive mechanisms underlying aspectual coercion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, v. 26, n. 9, p. 1905-1917, 2014.
PICKERING, Martin; MCELREE, Brian; FRISSON, Steven; CHEN, Lilian; TRAXCLER, Matthew. Aspectual Coercion and underspecification. Discourse Processes, v. 42, p. 131-155. 2006.
PUSTEJOVSKY, James. The generative lexicon. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995.
REICHENBACH, Hans. (1947). Elements of Symbolic Logic. Reimpresso por Dover Publications, 1980.
ROSEN, Sara Thomas. The syntactic representation of linguistic events, GLOT International, v. 4, n. 2, p. 3-11, 1999.
SAFFRAN, Jenny; JOHSON, Elizabeth; ASLIN, Richard; NEWPORT, Elissa. Statistical Learning of Tone Sequences by Human Infants and Adults, Cognition, v. 70, p. 27-52, 1999.
SAMPAIO, Thiago. Coerção Aspectual: Uma abordagem linguística da Percepção do Tempo. 2015. 398f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) – Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2015.
SAMPAIO, Thiago. Percepção do Tempo: da Psicologia para a Psicolinguística, Letras de Hoje, v. 51, n. 3, 2016.
SAMPAIO, Thiago; FRANÇA, Aniela; MAIA, Marcus. Does Time Perception Influence Language Processing? Self-Paced Reading Evidence of Aspectual Coercion in Durative Events. In: CHRUSZCZEWSKI, Piotr (Org.). Languages in Contact: Ways to Protolanguage 3. Wroclaw: Wyższa Szkoła Filologiczna we Wrocławiu & Polska Akademia Nauk, 2014. p. 139-156.
SMITH, Carlota. The Parameter of Aspect. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
TENNY, Carol Lee. The Aspectual Interface Hypothesis. In: SAG, Ivan; SZABOLCSI, Anna (Eds.). Lexical Matters, Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1992. p. 1-28.
TODOROVA, Marina; STRAUB, Kathy; BADECKER, William; FRANK, Robert. Aspectual coercion and the online computation of sentential aspect. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 2000a. p. 3-8.
TODOROVA, Marina; STRAUB, Kathy; BADECKER, William; FRANK, Robert. Processing correlates of aspectual coercion. Comunicação apresentada no Workshop on Events and Paths, ESSLLI XII, Birmingham, England, 2000b.
TOWNSEND, David. Aspectual Coercion in Eye Movements. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, v. 42, n. 3, p. 281-306, 2012.
TREISMAN, Michael. Temporal discrimination and the indifference interval: Implications for a model of the ‘internal clock’. Psychological Monographs, v. 77, n. 13, 1-31, 1963.
TURKEY, J.W. Exploratory Data Analysis, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1977.
VENDLER, Zeno. Linguistics in Philosophy, Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 1967.
YANO, Masataka. Temporal Dynamics of Syntactic and Semantic Prediction. 2016. 176f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) – Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japão, 2016.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de Autor
La sumisión de originales para la Letras de Hoje implica la transferencia, por los autores, de los derechos de publicación. El copyright de los artículos de esta revista es el autor, junto con los derechos de la revista a la primera publicación. Los autores sólo podrán utilizar los mismos resultados en otras publicaciones indicando claramente a Letras de Hoje como el medio de la publicación original.
Creative Commons License
Excepto donde especificado de modo diferente, se aplican a la materia publicada en este periódico los términos de una licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional, que permite el uso irrestricto, la distribución y la reproducción en cualquier medio siempre y cuando la publicación original sea correctamente citada.
