La Dirección Escolar: un análisis genealógico-cultural
Keywords:
Direção EscolarAbstract
En este artículo se lleva a cabo un análisis genealógico-cultural de la dirección escolar en España. Genealógico, en el sentido de que pretende extraer del análisis de su origen y evolución algunas claves para entender la naturaleza última de la función directiva en los establecimientos docentes. Y cultural, porque muestra la existencia de al menos dos culturas escolares diferenciadas (una en la enseñanza primaria y otra en la secundaria) en relación con dicha función directiva. Ambos análisis desvelan la existencia de cuatro modelos ideológicos de dirección escolar: el jerárquico-burocrático tradicional en el que la dirección es una agencia de la adminis-tración educativa, el participativo-democrático, el del liderazgo pedagógico y el del manager o gerente. Cuatro modelos que implican políticas educativas diferentes, a los que habría que añadir el peso e influencia en determinados momentos históricos del modelo gremial-corporativo defendido en general por los maestros de enseñanza primaria y los profesores de educación secundaria.Descritores – Dirección escolar (modelos); España; política educativa; organización escolar.
ABSTRACT – In this article a genealogical and cultural analysis on headship in Spain is carried out. Genealogical, in the sense that it attempts to draw some clues from analysis of headship’s origins and evolution in order to discover its essence, and cultural, because it shows the existence of at least two different cultures of headship (one in primary and the other in secondary education). Both analysis reveal the exis-tence of four ideological models of headship: the traditional, hierarchical and bureau-cratic model, in which headship is an agency of educational administration; the de-mocratic and participatory model; the model of pedagogical leadership; and that of manager. These four models imply different education policies, to which the weight and influence of the guild and corporate model generally defended by teachers at both levels needs to be added.
Descriptors – Headship (models); Spain; education policy; school organization.
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