Determinants of fear of crime in Brazil: The effect of social cohesion

Doriam Borges; Ignácio Cano

doi:10.15448/1984-7289.2021.3.35603

Autores/as

Doriam Borges Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-6534
Ignácio Cano Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-112X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-7289.2021.3.35603

Palabras clave:

Miedo al crimen, Cohesión social, Victimización, Crimen, Sensación de inseguridad.

Resumen

Aunque algunos estudios sugieren que la naturaleza de las interacciones comunitarias influye en el riesgo percibido de victimización criminal, solo unos pocos estudios han probado esta asociación en Brasil. Utilizando cuatro encuestas brasileñas de victimización, realizamos modelos logísticos para examinar si los lazos sociales y la cohesión social están asociados con el riesgo percibido y el miedo al crimen. Los resultados mostraron que solo en algunos contextos se asociaba la cohesión social con el miedo al crimen. Específicamente, dos componentes de la cohesión social pueden ser relevantes para este propósito: confiar en los vecinos y obtener ayuda; y la capacidad de distinguir vecinos de extraños en las calles.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Doriam Borges, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Doutor em Sociologia pelo Instituto Universitário de Pesquisas do Rio de Janeiro (Iuperj) da Universidade Cândido Mendes (Ucam), no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj), no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Ignácio Cano, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Doutor em Sociologia pela Universidade Complutense de Madrid (UCM), em Madrid, Espanha; professor do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais da Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj), no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Citas

Agnew, Robert S. 1985. Neutralizing the impact of crime. Criminal justice and behavior 12 (2): 221-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854885012002005.

Bilsky, Wolfgang and Peter Wetzels. 1997. On the relationship between criminal victimisation and fear of crime. Psychology, Crime and Law 3 (4): 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/10683169708410826.

Borges, Doriam. 2011. O medo do crime na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: uma análise sob a perspectiva das crenças de perigo. Curitiba: Editora Appris.

Brunton-Smith, Ian. 2011. Untangling the relationship between fear of crime and perceptions of disorder: evidence from a longitudinal study of young people in England and Wales. The British Journal of Criminology 51 (6): 885-899. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azr064.

Bursik, Robert. 1988. Social disorganization theories of crime and delinquency: problems and prospects. Criminology (26): 519-551. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1988.tb00854.x.

Bursik, Robert and Harold Grasmick. 1993. Neighbourhoods and crime: the dimensions of effective community control. New York: Lexington Books.

Caldeira, Tereza. 2003. Cidade de muros: crime, segregação e cidadania em São Paulo. São Paulo: Edusp.

Convigton, Jeanette and Ralph Taylor. 1991. Fear of crime in urban residential neighbourhoods: implications of between – and within – neighbourhood sources for current models. The Sociological Quarterly 32 (2): 231- 249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1991.tb00355.x.

Dammert, Lucía and Patricia Arias. 2007. Construcción de una sociedad temerosa: crimen y castigo en Chile. In En los márgenes de la ley. Inseguridad y violencia en el Cono Sur, edited by Patricia Arias, 177-208. Buenos Aires: Paidós.

Dammert, Lucía and Mary Malone. 2003. Fear of crime or fear of life? Public insecurities in Chile. Bulletin of Latin American Research 1 (22): 79-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/1470-9856.00065.

Davis, Corinne and Betania Peixoto. 2003. Medo e espaço urbano: uma análise da percepção do risco de vitimização local e não local. Congresso Brasileiro de Sociologia (11): 2-26.

Durkheim, Émile. 1977. A divisão do trabalho social. Lisboa: Presença.

Farrall, Stephen, Emily Gray and Jonathan Jackson. 2007. Theorising the fear of crime: the cultural and social significance of insecurities about crime. Experience & expression in the fear of crime working paper (5): 1-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1012393.

Ferraro, Kenneth. 1995. Fear of crime: interpreting victimisation risk. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Ferraro, Kenneth and Randy Lagrange. 1987. The measurement of fear of crime. Sociological Inquiry 57 (1): 70-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01181.x.

Furstenberg, Frank. 1971. Public reaction to crime in the streets. The American Scholar 40 (4): 601-610.

Furstenberg, Frank. 1972. Fear of crime and its effects on citizen behavior. In Crime and Justice: a symposium, edited by Albert Biderman, 601-610. New York: Nailberg.

Gainey, Randy, Mariel Alper and Allison Chappell. 2011. Fear of crime revisited: examining the direct and indirect effects of disorder, risk perception, and social capital. American Journal of Criminal Justice 36 (2): 120-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-010-9089-8.

Gibson, Chris; Jihong Zaho; Nicholas Lovrinc, Michael Gaffney. 2002. Social integration, individual perceptions of collective efficacy, and fear of crime in three cities. Justice Quarterly 19 (3): 537-564. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820200095341.

Hale, Chris. 1996. Fear of crime: a review of the literature. International Review of Victimology (4): 79-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/026975809600400201.

Hawdon, James, Pekka Rasanen, Atte Oksanen and Miika Vuori. 2013. Social responses to collective crime: assessing the relationship between crime-related fears and collective sentiments. European Journal of Criminology 11 (1): 39-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370813485516.

Jackson, Jonathan. 2004. Experience and expression: social and cultural significance in the fear of crime. British Journal of Criminology 44 (6): 946-966. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azh048.

Jacobs, Jane. 1961. The death and life of great american cities. New York: Random House.

Liska, Allen E. and Barbara D. Warner. 1991. Functions of crime: a paradoxical process. American Journal of Sociology 96 (6): 1441-1463. https://doi.org/10.1086/229692.

Kanan, James and Matthew Pruitt. 2002. Modeling fear of crime and perceived victimisation risk: the (in)significance of neighbourhood integration. Sociological Inquiry 72 (4): 527-548. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-682X.00033

Kasarda, John and Morris Janowitz. 1974. Community attachment in mass society. American Sociological Review 39 (3): 328-339. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094293.

Kessler, Gabriel. 2009. El sentimiento de inseguridad. Sociología del temor al delito. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.

Kessler, Gabriel. 2011. La extensión del sentimiento de inseguridad en América Latina: relatos, acciones y políticas en el caso argentino. Revista de Sociología e Política 19 (40): 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-44782011000300007.

Lee, Murray. 1999. The fear of crime and self-governance: towards a genealogy. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 32 (3): 227-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/000486589903200303.

Lee, Murray. 2001. The genesis of fear of crime. Theoretical Criminology 5 (4): 467-485. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480601005004004.

Markowitz, Fred, Paul Bellair, Allen Liska and Jianhong Liu. 2001. Extending social disorganization theory: modeling the relationships between cohesion, disorder, and fear. Criminology 39 (2): 293-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00924.x.

Maxfield, Michael. 1987. Explaining the fear of crime: evidence from the 1984 British crime survey. Home Office Research Study (41). London: Home Office.

Miethe, Terance and Gary Lee. 1984. Fear of crime among older people: a reassessment of crime-related factors. The Sociological Quarterly 25 (3): 397-415. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1984.tb00199.x.

Oh, Joong‐Hwan and Sangmoon Kim. 2009. Aging, neighborhood attachment, and fear of crime: testing reciprocal effects. Journal of Community Psychology 37 (1): 21-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20269.

Putnam, Robert. 1993. Comunidade e democracia: a experiência da Itália Moderna. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da Fundação Getúlio Vargas.

Rosenbaum, Dennis. 1987. The theory and research behind neighborhood watch: is it a sound fear and crime reduction strategy? Crime & Delinquency 33 (1): 103-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128787033001007.

Rountree, Pamela and Kenneth Land. 1996. Perceived risk versus fear of crime: Empirical evidence of conceptually distinct reactions in survey data. Social Forces 74 (4): 1353-1376. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/74.4.1353.

Sacco, Vincent. 1993. Social support and the fear of crime. Canadian J. Criminology (35): 187-196. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjcrim.35.2.187.

Sampson, Robert. 2004. Neighbourhood and community: collective efficacy and community safety. New Economy (11): 106-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0041.2004.00346.x.

Sampson, Robert and Stephen Raudenbush. 1999. Systematic social observation of public spaces: a new look at disorder in urban neighbourhoods. American Journal of Sociology 105 (3): 603-651. https://doi.org/10.1086/210356.

Skogan, Wesley. 1986. Fear of crime and neighbourhood change. Crime and Justice (8): 203-229. https://doi.org/10.1086/449123.

Smith, Susan. 1986. Crime, space and society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Soares, Luiz Eduardo. 2006. Legalidade libertária. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Lumen Juris.

Stafford, Mark and Omer Galle. 1984. Victimisation rates, exposure to risk, and fear of crime. Criminology 22 (2): 173-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1984.tb00295.x.

Thompson, Estina and Neal Krause. 1998. Living alone and neighborhood characteristics as predictors of social support in late life. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 53 (6): 354-364. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/53B.6.S354.

Van Kesteren, Johannes, Pat Mayhew and Paul Nieuwbeetra. 2000. Criminal Victimisation in 17 Industrialised Countries. NSCR Report 187.Haia: Wodc.

Villareal, Andrés, Braulio Silva. 2006. Social cohesion, criminal victimisation and perceived risk of crime in brazilian neighbourhood. Social Forces 84 (3): 1725-1753. https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2006.0073.

Warr, Mark. 1984. Fear of victimisation: why are women and the elderly more afraid? Social Science Quarterly 65 (3): 681-702.

Warr, Mark. 1994. Public perceptions and reactions to violent offending and victimization. Understanding and preventing violence (4): 1-66.

Wyant, Brian R. 2008. Multilevel impacts of perceived incivilities and perceptions of crime risk on fear of crime: isolating endogenous impacts. Journal of research in crime and delinquency 45 (1): 39-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427807309440.

Yin, Peter. 1980. Fear of crime among the elderly: some issues and suggestions. Social Problems 27 (4): 492-504. https://doi.org/10.2307/800177.