Towards a Spinozan reading of medieval tolerance: Maimonides, Crescas, Gersonides and the Kabbalists

Nythamar Fernandes Oliveira

doi:10.15448/1984-6746.2026.1.49830

Autores

Nythamar Fernandes Oliveira Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9241-1031

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2026.1.49830

Palavras-chave:

affects , démocratie, éthique , politique , tolérance.

Resumo

Résumé : Cet article propose une reconstruction de la tolérance chez Spinoza à partir de ses sources médiévales, notamment Maïmonide, Crescas et Gersonide. Il s’agit de montrer que la tolérance ne constitue pas une invention moderne, mais une transformation de problématiques médiévales liées à la loi (conception moderne d’obéissance politique), à la prophétie (conception moderne de critique politique) et à la causalité (conception moderne des phénomènes naturels et historiques). En articulant une théorie des affects avec une critique de la superstition et de la démocratie, Spinoza reformule la tolérance comme effet d’une ontologie de l’immanence.

Mots-clés : affects ; démocratie ; éthique ; politique ; tolérance.

Por uma leitura spinozana da tolerância medieval: Maimônides, Crescas, Gersonides e
os cabalistas

Resumo: Este artigo propõe uma reconstrução da tolerância no pensamento de Spinoza a partir de suas fontes medievais, notadamente Maimônides, Crescas e Gersonides. Trata-se de demonstrar que a tolerância não é uma invenção moderna, mas sim uma transformação de problemas medievais relacionados ao direito (a concepção moderna de obediência política), à profecia (a concepção moderna de crítica política) e à causalidade (a concepção moderna de fenômenos naturais e históricos). Ao articular uma teoria dos afetos com uma crítica à superstição e à democracia, Spinoza reformula a tolerância como um efeito de uma ontologia da imanência.

Palavras-chave: afetos; democracia; ética; política; tolerância.

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