Adam Smith e a virtude da justiça

Denis Coitinho

doi:10.15448/1984-6746.2019.1.31597

Autores

Denis Coitinho UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2592-5590

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2019.1.31597

Palavras-chave:

Virtudes. Punição. Justiça. Direito. Adam Smith.

Resumo

O objetivo central desse artigo é refletir sobre o papel e o significado do critério de justiça no pensamento de Adam Smith, considerando especialmente a obra The Theory of Moral Sentiments e, parcialmente, as obras Lectures on Jurisprudence e An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. O propósito básico é tentar esboçar uma teoria da justiça que pode ser encontrada nas obras de Smith, particularmente no seu texto de 1759, a saber, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Para tal, inicio esclarecendo alguns conceitos centrais de sua teoria moral sentimentalista, a saber, empatia (sympathy), espectador imparcial (impartial espectator) e mão invisível (invisible hand). Posteriormente, investigo o papel das virtudes nesta teoria normativa anti-utilitarista e a distinção entre virtudes positivas e negativas. De posse disso, o próximo passo será analisar a concepção de justiça retributiva defendida por Smith, que parece defender uma teoria híbrida da punição por englobar aspectos retributivista, preventivista, expressivista e reabilitacionista. Por fim, reflito sobre o significado da justiça como virtude negativa e sua ligação com os direitos.

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Biografia do Autor

Denis Coitinho, UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos

Professor do Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia da UNISINOS.

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