Relação entre sobrepeso e obesidade com desfechos clínicos adversos em pacientes adultos com insuficiência cardíaca em um hospital latino-americano
Body Weight and Outcomes in Heart Failure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2026.1.49146Palavras-chave:
Índice de massa corporal, Obesidade, Sobrepeso, Insuficiência cardíaca, Paradoxo da obesidade, Desfechos clínicos adversos.Resumo
Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a associação entre sobrepeso, obesidade e desfechos clínicos adversos em pacientes adultos diagnosticados com insuficiência cardíaca em um hospital latino-americano durante o ano de 2023. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal secundário incluindo pacientes com idade ≥18 anos com insuficiência cardíaca diagnosticada por critérios clínicos, ecocardiográficos e da CID-10. O índice de massa corporal foi utilizado para classificar o estado ponderal. Modelos de regressão logística estimaram as razões de chances (OR) com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Modelos de aprendizado de máquina foram aplicados para identificar fatores associados a desfechos clínicos adversos. Resultados: O sexo masculino foi mais prevalente entre os pacientes com desfechos clínicos adversos (p=0,04). A hipertensão pulmonar foi significativamente mais frequente em pacientes com baixo peso (p<0,001). A idade ≥60 anos (OR 5,64; IC 95% 2,27–14,83) foi associada a maiores chances de desfechos adversos, enquanto o sobrepeso foi associado a menores chances (OR 0,23; IC 95% 0,08–0,65). A análise de Random Forest identificou a idade como a variável mais relevante. Conclusões: O sobrepeso foi associado a uma menor probabilidade de desfechos clínicos adversos em pacientes hospitalizados com insuficiência cardíaca, enquanto a idade avançada foi associada a piores desfechos. Esses achados devem ser interpretados com cautela devido ao desfecho composto e ao potencial de fatores de confusão residuais.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Juan Esteban Castro Medina, Juan Jose Espitia De La Hoz, Luis Fernando Marin Ortega, Tania Acosta Vergara
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
