Risk factors for lower extremity injuries in young badminton players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.2.28939Keywords:
ankle injuries, knee injuries, badminton, racquet sports, youths, risk factors.Abstract
AIMS: Based on the limited evidence available about the intrinsic factors causing lower extremity injuries among Malaysian badminton players, this study was aimed to determine the relationship of demographic and physical characteristics to lower extremity injuries in young badminton players.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study included badminton players between 14 and 24 years of age, categorized into case and control groups. Participants diagnosed with lower limb injuries were designated as cases, and those with no reported injuries were designated as controls. Personal information including demographic data, level of athlete and injury history was collected using a questionnaire. Independent t-test was used to analyze the differences between intrinsic characteristics in cases and controls. Pearson's χ2 was applied to evaluate the association between risk factors and general lower limb injuries, knee injuries and ankle injuries, with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS: A total of 106 young badminton players (83 males, 23 females) were recruited, of whom 42 participants were allocated as the case group, and 64 participants were allocated as the control group. A total of 60 lower extremity injuries were reported among the 42 players of the case group. The overall mean age of the sample was 18.7±5 years (minimum 14 years and maximum 24 years). Mean age of the participants in the case group was 16.92±2.99 years. The most common injuries reported were ankle joint injuries, followed by knee and hip injuries. Participants of the younger age group (14-19 years old) were found to have a higher risk for lower extremity injures compared to those of the older age group (20-24 years old) (odds ratio [OR], 3.39; 95%CI, 1.15-10.01; p=0.023). Increased true limb length discrepancy was identified among the participants with lower extremity injuries (OR, 4.57, 95%CI, 1.2-17.24; p=0.016) and this discrepancy was strongly associated with ankle injuries (OR, 7.25; 95%CI, 1.85-28.57; p=0.002). There was no significant relationship between lower extremity injuries and gender, limb dominance or Q-angle.
CONCLUSIONS: Lower extremity injuries in young badminton players were predominantly located in ankle and knee joints. Younger age and increase in true limb length discrepancy were identified as risk factors for lower extremity injuries in the study sample.
Downloads
References
Shariff A, George J, Ramlan A. Musculoskeletal injuries among Malaysian badminton players. Singapore Med. 2009;50(11):1095-7.
Chew ZS, Sim LS, Fai YC, Su EL. Investigation of sensor-based quantitative model for badminton skill analysis and assessment. Jurnal Teknologi. 2015;72(2):93-6.
Krøner K, Schmidt SA, Nielsen AB, Yde J, Jakobsen BW, Møller-Madsen B, Jensen J. Badminton injuries. Br J Sports Med. 1990;24(3):169-72. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.24.3.169
Faude O, Meyer T, Fries M, Kindermann W. Physiological testing in badminton. In: Lees A, Cabello D, Torres G, editors. Science and Racket Sports IV. New York: Routledge; 2008. p. 5-10.
Hiemstra L, Lo I, Fowler P. Effect of fatigue on knee proprioception: implications for dynamic stabilization. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2001;31(10):598-605. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2001.31.10.598
Murphy D. Risk factors for lower extremity injury: a review of the literature. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37(1):13-29. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.37.1.13
Engebretsen L, Soligard T, Steffen K, Alonso JM, Aubry M, Budgett R, Dvorak J, Jegathesan M, Meeuwisse WH, Mountjoy M, Palmer-Green D, Vanhegan I, Renström PA. Sports injuries and illnesses during the London Summer Olympic Games 2012. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(7):407-14. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092380
Fahlström M, Björnstig U, Lorentzon R. Acute badminton injuries. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1998;8(3):145-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00184.x
Jørgensen U, Winge S. Injuries in badminton. Sports Med.1990;10(1):59-64. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199010010-00006
Muttalib A, Zaidi M, Khoo C. A survey on common injuries in recreational badminton players. MOJ. 2009;3(2):8-11. https://doi.org/10.5704/MOJ.0911.002
Goh S, Ali M, Mokhtar A, Mohamed I. Injury risk predictors among student badminton players in a Malaysian national sports school: preliminary study. J Sci Med Sport 2013;16(Suppl 1):e59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.140
Sabharwal S, Kumar A. Methods for assessing leg length discrepancy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(12):2910-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-008-0524-9
Gogia P, Braatz J. Validity and reliability of leg length measurements. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1986;8(4):185-8. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1986.8.4.185
Magee D. Orthopedic physical assessment. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2008.
McCaw ST, Bates BT. Biomechanical implications of mild leg length inequality. Br J Sports Med. 1991;25(1):10-3. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.25.1.10
Cowan DN, Jones BH, Frykman PN, Polly DW Jr, Harman EA, Rosenstein RM, Rosenstein MT. Lower limb morphology and risk of overuse injury among male infantry trainees. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(8):945-52. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199608000-00002
Rauh MJ, Koepsell TD, Rivara FP, Rice SG, Margherita AJ. Quadriceps angle and risk of injury among high school cross-country runners. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2007;37(12):725-33. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2007.2453
Söderman K, Alfredson H, Pietilä T, Werner S. Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: a prospective investigation during one outdoor season. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2001;9(5):313-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001670100228
Vanderlei FM, Bastos FN, Tsutsumi GY, Vanderlei LC, Netto Júnior J, Pastre CM. Characteristics and contributing factors related to sports injuries in young volleyball players. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6:415. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-415
Hawkins D, Metheny J. Overuse injuries in youth sports: biomechanical considerations. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(10):1701-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200110000-00014
DiFiori JP, Benjamin HJ, Brenner J, Gregory A, Jayanthi N, Landry GL, Luke A. Overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports: a position statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine. Clin J Sport Med. 2014;24(1):3-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000060
Lin C, Liu H, Gros MT, Weinhold P, Garrett WE, Yu B. Biomechanical risk factors of non-contact ACL injuries: a stochastic biomechanical modeling study. J Sport Health Sci. 2012;1(1):36-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2012.01.001
Tadej S, Miran K. Retrospective Analysis of sports injuries among Slovenian badminton players. Kinesiologia Slovenica. 2013;19(3):60-7.
Hershkovich O, Tenenbaum S, Gordon B, Bruck N, Thein R, Derazne E, Tzur D, Shamiss A, Afek A. A large-scale study on epidemiology and risk factors for chronic ankle instability in young adults. J Foot Ankle Res. 2015;54(2):183-7. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2014.06.001
Chomiak J, Junge A, Peterson L, Dvorak J. Severe injuries in football players. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28(5 Suppl):S58-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/28.suppl_5.s-58
Faude O, Junge A, Kindermann W, Dvorak J. Risk factors for injuries in elite female soccer players. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(9):785-90. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.027540
Orchard JW. Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for muscle strains in Australian football. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29(3):300-3. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290030801
Emami MJ, Ghahramani MH, Abdinejad F, Namazi H. Q-angle: an invaluable parameter for evaluation of anterior knee pain. Arch Iran Med. 2007;10(1):24-6.
Shambaugh JP, Klein A, Herbert JA. Structural measures as predictors of injury in basketball players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991;23(5):522-7. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199105000-00003
Subotnick S. Limb length discrepancies of the lower extremity (the short leg syndrome). J Orthop Sports PhysTher. 1981;3(1):11-6. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1981.3.1.11
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright
The submission of originals to Scientia Medica implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Scientia Medica as the site of original publication.
Creative Commons License
Except where otherwise specified, material published in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is correctly cited.
