História da simulação cirúrgica e sua aplicação em Neurocirurgia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.1.29688Palavras-chave:
Simulação, História, Educação médica, Cirurgia, Neurocirurgia.Resumo
OBJETIVOS: Neste artigo, os autores abordam a evolução histórica da simulação cirúrgica, tendo como foco a sua aplicação em Neurocirurgia.
MÉTODOS: A revisão da literatura foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline e Scopus, utilizando os termos “history AND simulation”; e “simulation AND neurosurgery”. Não houve limite de data de publicação.
RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 30 artigos cujo conteúdo inclui dados de interesse para o objetivo do estudo. A simulação tem sido usada durante séculos de várias formas, incluindo dissecação de cadáveres pelos primeiros médicos (como Galeno) e treinamento militar (como por exemplo nos jogos de guerra). Modelos anatômicos foram criados no século XVIII e seguiram se aperfeiçoando nos séculos seguintes. Já a simulação por realidade virtual foi primeiramente utilizada em 1987, popularizando-se no início da década de 1990. Posteriormente foram criados modelos anatômicos sintéticos que reproduzem cenários cirúrgicos próximos ao real, com grande aplicabilidade atualmente.
CONCLUSÕES: A revisão da literatura destacou aspectos evolutivos da simulação e sua aplicação atual em educação médica. As inovações nesse campo foram muito apreciadas por membros da comunidade neurocirúrgica, que reconheceram o vasto potencial da simulação para revolucionar esta especialidade, onde erros intraoperatórios podem ter consequências desastrosas. Esta revisão histórica poderá contribuir para melhor compreensão do relevante papel da simulação e também para sua implementação no currículo médico, especialmente em especialidades de alta complexidade, como a Neurocirurgia.
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