Efeitos da vitamina D na prevenção da bronquiolite viral aguda: revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2015.2.20313Palavras-chave:
Vitamin D, Bronchiolitis.Resumo
Objetivos: Publicações sugerem que a suplementação da vitamina D pode ter efeito protetor nas infecçoes do trato respiratório inferior. O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar os efeitos da ingesta da vitamina D na prevenção da bronquiolite viral aguda em crianças.
Métodos: Foram feitas buscas nas bases de dados da MEDLINE EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, e Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), até setembro de 2014. Descritores:“Vitamin D” OR cholecalciferol OR ergocarciferol AND “bronchiolitis,viral” OR bronchiolitides, viral OR “viral bronchiolitides”. Foram incluídos estudos que avaliaram o efeito da ingesta da vitamina D na prevenção da bronquiolite viral aguda em crianças. Estudos com intervenção menor que duas semanas e artigos de revisão foram excluídos.
Resultados: Identificaram-se 241 artigos, 20 artigos foram selecionados para leitura na íntegra e dois artigos foram incluídos na revisão sistemática. Os dois estudos selecionados incluíram 296 crianças. Nenhum estudo realizou medição sérica de vitamina D; em um dos estudos incluídos, um ensaio clinico, o número de episodios de bronquiolite foi significativamente menor nas crianças suplementadas com vitamina D (Grupo I: média: 0,6±0,7 Grupo II: média: 1,4 ±0,9; p=0,001). No outro estudo, de casos e controles, não se encontrou relação significativa dos casos de bronquiolite viral aguda e a ingesta de vitamina D (odds ratio 1,7 IC95% 0,7 a 4,0).
Conclusões: As evidências científicas atuais são insuficientes para comprovar os benefícios clínicos da vitamina D na prevenção da bronquiolite viral aguda, sendo necessária a realização de mais estudos.
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