Convergent and Criterion Validity Evidence for Pro-Sociability Scale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2023.1.40466Keywords:
Altruism, Empathy, Morality, Psychometrics, Teste ValidityAbstract
This research aims to gather evidence of validity based on the relationship with other variables of the convergent and criterion type for Pro- -Sociability Scale (EPS). Participated in the research 397 adults, age ranging from 18 to 69 years (M = 36.88; SD = 12.86), both sexes, from different Brazilian regions. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Altruism Scale, the Affective and Cognitive Measure of Empathy were administered. Associations were observed between the scores of the EPS and altruism and empathy measures, as well as being able to differentiate groups regarding sex, having a religion and volunteering. These results are compatible with research available in the international literature and can be considered as validity evidence for EPS.
Downloads
References
American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education. (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Measurement in Education.
Batson, C. D., Lishner, D. A., & Stocks, E. L. (2015). The empathy—altruism hypothesis. In D. A. Schroeder, & W. G. Graziano (Eds.). The oxford handbook of prosocial behavior (pp. 259-281). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399813.013.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399813.013.023
Baumard, N., André, J.-B., & Sperber, D. (2013). A mutualistic approach to morality: The evolution of fairness by partner choice. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(01), 59-78. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x11002202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X11002202
Benish-Weisman, M., Daniel, E., Sneddon, J., & Lee, J. (2019). The relations between values and prosocial behavior among children: The moderating role of age. Personality and Individual Differences, 141, 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.01.019
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cuff, B. M. P., Brown, S. J., Taylor, L., & Howat, D. J. (2014). Empathy: A review of the concept. Emotion Review, 8(2), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914558466 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914558466
Dovidio, J. F., & Banfield, J. C. (2015). Prosocial behavior and empathy. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 216-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.24024-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.24024-5
Dovidio, J. F., & Halabi, S. (2017). Altruism and prosocial behavior. The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social Theory, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118430873.est0415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118430873.est0415
Eisenberg, N. (1982). The development of reasoning regarding prosocial behavior. In N. Eisenberg (Eds.), The development of prosocial behavior (pp. 219–249). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-234980-5.50014-6
Eisenberg, N. (1986). Altruistic emotion, cognition, and behavior. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315746135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315746135
Eisenberg, N. (1992). The caring child. Harvard University Press.
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Spinrad, T. L. (2006). Prosocial Development. In N. Eisenberg, W. Damon, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (pp. 646-718). John Wiley & Sons Inc. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0311
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Murphy, B. C., Jones, S., & Guthrie, I. K. (1998). Contemporaneous and longitudinal prediction of children's sympathy from dispositional regulation and emotionality. Developmental Psychology, 34(5), 910-924. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.34.5.910 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.34.5.910
Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., & Knafo-Noam, A. (2015). Prosocial development. In M. E. Lamb, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Socioemotional processes (pp. 610–656). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy315
Eisenberg, N., & Miller, P. (1987). The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 91-119. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.101.1.91 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.101.1.91
Falconer, C. J, Lobmaier J. S., Christoforou, M., Kamboj, S. K., King, J. A., Gilbert, P., & Brewin, C. R. (2019) Compassionate faces: Evidence for distinctive facial expressions associated with specific prosocial motivations. PLoS ONE, 14(1), e0210283. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210283 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210283
Foulkes, L., Leung, J. T., Fuhrmann, D., Knoll, L. J., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2018). Age differences in the prosocial influence effect. 21(6), e12666. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12666 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12666
Hofmann, V., & Müller, C. M. (2018). Avoiding antisocial behavior among adolescents: The positive influence of classmates’ prosocial behavior. Journal of Adolescence, 68, 136-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.07.013
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. (2020). Síntese de Indicadores Sociais – SIS. https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas/sociais/trabalho/9221-sintese-de-indicadores-sociais.html?=&t=o-que-e
Kamas, L., & Preston, A. (2020). Empathy, gender, and prosocial behavior. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 92, 101654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2020.101654 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2020.101654
Kaur, J. (2020). Effect of Religiosity and Moral Identity Internalization on Prosocial Behaviour. Journal of Human Values, 26(2), 097168582090140. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820901402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685820901402
Koller, S. H., & Bernardes, N. M. G. (1997). Desenvolvimento moral pró-social: Semelhanças e diferenças entre os modelos teóricos de Eisenberg e Kohlberg. Estudos de Psicologia (Natal), 2(2), 223-262. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X1997000200002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X1997000200002
Korndorfer, M., Egloff, B., & Schmukle, S. C. (2015). A large scale test of the effect of social class on prosocial behavior. Electronic Journal, 10(7), e0133193. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2704303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133193
Livi, S., De Cristofaro, V., Theodorou, A., Rullo, M., Piccioli, V., & Pozzi, M. (2019). When motivation is not enough: Effects of prosociality and organizational socialization in volunteers’ intention to continue volunteering. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 30(3), 249-261. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2446 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2446
Longobardi, E., Spataro, P. & Rossi-Arnaud, C. (2019). Direct and indirect associations of empathy, theory of mind, and language with prosocial behavior: Gender differences in primary school children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 180(6), 266-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2019.1653817 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2019.1653817
Nielson, M. G., Padilla-Walker, L., & Holmes, E. K. (2017). Corrigendum to “How do men and women help? Validation of a multidimensional measure of prosocial behavior”. Journal of Adolescence, 59(1), 91-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.02.006
Noronha, A. P. P., Dias-Viana, J. L., Batista, H. H. V., de Souza, M. H., Campos, A. M. de B., Theotonio, M., Pio, J. L. S, Vanni, P., Queiroz, L. G., & Corbett, J. dos S. (no prelo). Construção e evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna da Escala de Pro-Sociabilidade. Gerais: Revista Interinstitucional de Psicologia.
Pacico, J. C., & Hutz, C. S. (2016). Altruísmo. In C. S. Hutz (Ed.), Avaliação em psicologia positiva: Técnicas e Medidas (pp. 141-152). CETEPP Hogrefe.
Piatak, J. S., & Holt, S. B. (2019). Prosocial behaviors: A matter of altruism or public service motivation? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 30(3), 504-518. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muz041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muz041
Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., Cheng, B. H., & Keltner, D. (2010). Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5), 771-784. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020092
Reis, S. S. P. (2017). Empatia afetiva e cognitiva e o fenótipo ampliado do autismo: Adaptação transcultural e validação de medida [Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal da Bahia]. https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/25216
Rushton, P J., Chrisjohn, R. D., & Fekken, C. G. (1981). The altruistic personality and the Self-Report Altruism Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 2(4), 293-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(81)90084-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(81)90084-2
Simpson, B., Willer, R., & Harrell, A. (2017). The enforcement of moral boundaries promotes cooperation and prosocial behavior in groups. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42844 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42844
Son, D., & Padilla-Walker, L. M. (2019). Happy helpers: A multidimensional and mixed-method approach to prosocial behavior and its effects on friendship quality, mental health, and well-being during adolescence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(5), 1705–1723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00154-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00154-2
Tirri, K, Moran. S., & Mariano, J. M. (2016). Education for purposeful teaching around the world. Journal of Education for Teaching, 42(5), 526-531. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2016.1226551 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2016.1226551
Vachon, D. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2015). Fixing the problem with empathy: Development and validation of the affective and cognitive measure of empathy. Assessment, 23(2), 135-149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191114567941 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191114567941
Van der Graaff, J., Carlo, G., Crocetti, E., Koot, H. M., & Branje, S. (2017). Prosocial behavior in adolescence: Gender differences in development and links with empathy. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(5), 1086-1099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0786-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0786-1
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Psico
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright
The submission of originals to Psico implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Psico as the site of original publication.
Creative Commons License
Except where otherwise specified, material published in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is correctly cited.
