Lectura de palabras por hablantes bilingües con TDAH
un estudio psicolingüístico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-4301.2025.1.48038Palabras clave:
procesamiento lingüístico, bilingüismo, TDAH, control ejecutivo.Resumen
Este estudio examina a bilingües con y sin diagnóstico de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) para explorar la relación entre el bilingüismo y el TDAH, basándose en cómo procesan la lectura de palabras. Bialystok et al. (2010) encontraron un efecto a largo plazo entre estos dos fenómenos: una reducción del vocabulario en dos o más idiomas. Sin embargo, la etiología de cada fenómeno es distinta. Mientras que las personas bilingües experimentan una reducción del vocabulario debido al esfuerzo que supone manejar dos o más idiomas, el TDAH se asocia con un control ejecutivo deficiente (Barkley, 2006; Digirolamo et al., 2001). Posteriormente, se realizó una tarea de lectura autoadministrada de palabras aisladas, midiendo el tiempo de lectura y la tasa de aciertos en la pregunta final. Los resultados indicaron que las personas bilingües con TDAH tuvieron un mejor rendimiento en la tarea experimental, leyendo el primer estímulo y la segunda palabra en menos tiempo que el grupo sin TDAH. Con relación a la precisión, el grupo control obtuvo más aciertos que el grupo con TDAH, pero los participantes con TDAH obtuvieron una puntuación significativa. En general, los resultados de los bilingües con TDAH proporcionan evidencia que apunta a un mejor control ejecutivo.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Debora Morais Barbosa da Silva, Márcio Martins Leitão, Juliana Novo Gomes
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