Kant and Rawls: an analysis of the moral assumptions of political liberalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2019.3.34658Keywords:
Ethics. Morals. Politics. Practical reason.Abstract
In the light of conceptual reformulations about the philosophical assumptions accepted by Rawls in the development of his theory of justice, the present article aims to question the idea of freestanding of the political scope, as discussed in Political Liberalism (1993), evidencing some moral assumptions not explained by the author. From a semantic agreement proposed by Rainer Forst, which differentiates the scopes of application of ethics, politics, and morals, the attempt of this discussion is to demonstrate that there is a moral foundation in political liberalism, which, however, should not be understood in an ethical sense. The proposition is that this moral presupposition lies in Kantian practical reason, for it is from this that Rawls starts to structure and ground his conception of justice. Hence, the principles of Rawlsian political liberalism, in order to be effective when applied to the basic structure of society, must be analyzed through the moral elements of Kantian practical reason.
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