Development and validation of a low-cost tracheostomy simulator
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.1.28845Keywords:
tracheostomy, simulation training, education, medical.Abstract
AIMS: To develop and validate a low-cost simulator for tracheostomy training associated with a smartphone application which can be used for education in medical school undergraduate programs.
METHODS: The development of the so called TraqueoSim simulator comprised stages of prototypes and molds, defining processes and materials that best resemble human tissues and still have the characteristic of low cost. The model consists of an external plastic mannequin, inner parts and skin made of silicone rubber. The app associated with the mannequin, called TraqueoSim app, was programmed in HTML/CSS/JavaScript made available initially for Android®, the expansion for iOS being possible as a next step. Its functionalities include guiding the procedure, interacting with the user and generating a performance evaluation report. The final product was submitted to a face and content validation test using a zero to 10 scale questionnaire. The sample comprised 10 lecturers of the medical course of the Federal University of Paraná separated into two groups of five participants, according to experience in tracheostomy. The values obtained in each question were analyzed considering the total sample. Then, the data of the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney method.
RESULTS: The total cost of the simulator was approximately 78.00 USD, with a cost of 0.34 USD per procedure. The validation test indicated satisfactory results regarding the simulation of the technique (mean of 9.38±0.396 points, in a zero- to 10-point scale, with zero being the worst and 10 the best score) and the experience of using it (mean of 9.36±0.361 points). In addition, participants approved the use of the associated application (mean of 9.27±0.153 points) and stated that the simulator can be used in medical education (mean of 9.8±0.422 points).
CONCLUSIONS: The validation test allowed to infer good acceptance of TraqueoSim and its correspondent app, representing a low cost, effective alternative for medical teaching. Its concept can be reproduced in new projects in the area of medical simulation, considering the perspective of growth of this type of teaching.
Downloads
References
Satava RM. Historical review of surgical simulation - a personal perspective. World J Surg. 2008;32(2):141-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9374-y
Bradley P. The history of simulation in medical education and possible future directions. Med Educ. 2006;40(3):254-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02394.x
Ziv A, Wolpe PR, Small SD, Glick S. Simulation-based medical education: an ethical imperative. Acad Med. 2003;78(8):783-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200308000- 00006
Varga CRR, Almeida VdC, Germano CMR, Melo DG, Chachá SGF, Souto BGA, Fontanella BJB, Lima VV. Relato de experiência: o uso de simulações no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em medicina. Rev Bras Educ Med. 2009;33:291-7. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-55022009000200018
Bradley P, Bligh J. Clinical skills centres: where are we going? Med Educ. 2005;39(7);649-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02189.x
Schout BM, Hendrikx AJ, Scheele F, Bemelmans BL, Scherpbier AJ. Validation and implementation of surgical simulators: a critical review of present, past, and future. Surg Endosc. 2010;24(3):536-46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-009-0634-9
Gomes AP, Rego S, Palácios M, Siqueira-Batista R. Análise bioética do uso de recém-cadáveres na aprendizagem prática em medicina. Rev Assoc Med Bra. 2010;56:11-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42302010000100008
Lane JL, Slavin S, Ziv A. Simulation in Medical Education: A Review. Simulation & Gaming. 2001;32(3):297-314. https://doi.org/10.1177/104687810103200302
Wong J, Bhattacharya G, Vance SJ, Bistolarides P, Merchant AM. Construction and validation of a low-cost laparoscopic simulator for surgical education. J Surg Educ. 2013;70(4):443-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2013.02.004
Molho DA, Sylvia SM, Schwartz DL, Merwin SL, Levy IM. The Grapefruit: An Alternative Arthroscopic Tool Skill Platform. Arthroscopy. 2017;33(8):1567-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2017.03.010
Herbert C, Velan GM, Pryor WM, Kumar RK. A model for the use of blended learning in large group teaching sessions. BMC Med Educ. 2017;17:197. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-017-1057-2
Picciano AG. Blended learning: Implications for growth and access. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks. 2006;10(3):95-102.
McDougall EM. Validation of surgical simulators. J Endourol. 2007;21(3):244-7. https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2007.9985
Cook DA, Zendejas B, Hamstra SJ, Hatala R, Brydges R. What counts as validity evidence? Examples and prevalence in a systematic review of simulation-based assessment. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2014;19(2):233-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-013-9458-4
Sakakushev BE, Marinov BI, Stefanova PP, Kostianev SS, Georgiou EK. Striving for Better Medical Education: the Simulation Approach. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2017;59(2):123-31. https://doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2017-0039
Hung AJ, Zehnder P, Patil MB, Cai J, Ng CK, Aron M, Gill IS, Desai MM. Face, content and construct validity of a novel robotic surgery simulator. J Urol. 2011;186(3):1019-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.04.064
Huang C, Cheng H, Bureau Y, Agrawal SK, Ladak HM. Face and content validity of a virtual-reality simulator for myringotomy with tube placement. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;44:40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-015-0094-2
Durbin CG Jr. Indications for and timing of tracheostomy. Respir Care. 2005;50(4):483-7.
NASCO. LIFE/FORM® Adult Patient Education Tracheostomy Care Manikin [Internet]. United States; 2017 [cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from: https://www.enasco.com/product/LF01168U
NASCO. LIFE/FORM® Cricothyrotomy Simulator [Internet]. United States; 2017 [cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from: https://www.enasco.com/product/LF00994U
3B SCIENTIFIC. Simulador de Habilidades de Intubação e Traqueostomia LIFE/FORM® NG [Internet]. Joinville; 2017 [cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from: https://www.3bscientific.com/lifeform-ng-tube-trach-skills-simulator-w99834-lf01174u,p_1455_14397.html
NASCO. LIFE/FORM® Tracheostomy Care Simulator [Internet]. United States; 2017 [cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from: https://www.enasco.com/product/LF01083U
GT Simulators. Tracheotomy Trainer Manikin [Internet]. Davie; 2017 [cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from: http://www.gtsimulators.com/Tracheotomy-Trainer-Manikin-p/sb45067u.htm
SIMULAIDS. Critical Airway Management Trainer [Internet]. Saugerties; 2017 [cited 2017 Nov 24]. Available from: https://www.simulaids.com/product/101-060
Iglesias AG, Pazin-Filho A. Emprego de simulações no ensino e na avaliação. Medicina (Ribeirão Preto). 2015;48(3):233-40. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.v48i3p233-240
Hübner GSS. Desenvolvimento de um manequim simulador de punção venosa para educação na saúde: da ideia ao protótipo [dissertation]. [Porto Alegre]: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139416
Silva HCM. Desenvolvimento de objeto simulador antropomórfico do pâncreas para uso em medicina nuclear [dissertation]. [Brasília]: Universidade de Brasília; 2015. 66 p. Available from: http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/18662
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright
The submission of originals to Scientia Medica implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Scientia Medica as the site of original publication.
Creative Commons License
Except where otherwise specified, material published in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is correctly cited.
