Prevalência e fatores associados à hipertensão

Um estudo transversal entre a população idosa na região metropolitana de Pokhara

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2021.1.39756

Palavras-chave:

hipertensão, prevalência, fatores de risco, idoso, Nepal

Resumo

Objetivos: a hipertensão (HA) está emergindo rapidamente como um problema de saúde pública entre os idosos nos países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de hipertensão e seus fatores associados em idosos de Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.
Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal analítico para avaliar a hipertensão em 323 idosos residentes na comunidade em Pokhara Metropolitan de outubro de 2019 a março de 2020. A amostragem por cota foi utilizada para a coleta das amostras. Idosos que frequentavam hospitais ou com qualquer condição médica grave foram excluídos do estudo. Entrevista face a face foi realizada para coleta de dados e medidas antropométricas, e questionários padrão semiestruturados STEPS foram usados como ferramentas de coleta de dados. Os dados foram inseridos no Epi DATA [Versão 3.1] e analisados usando SPSS [Versão 20] de acordo com o plano de análise de dados. A análise de regressão logística bivariada foi conduzida e a significância estatística foi declarada para um valor de p ≤ 0,05.
Resultados: a prevalência de hipertensão foi relatada entre 34,4% idosos em Pokhara Metropolitan (Masculino: 39,3%, Feminino 29%). A maior proporção de hipertensos estava na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos (36%). A prevalência de hipertensão foi significativamente associada com etnia (OR = 1,74, IC: 1,07-2,83), consumo atual de álcool (OR = 2,56, IC: 1,30-5,05) e estresse mental (OR = 2,25, IC: 1,19-4,28).
Conclusão: mais de um terço dos idosos eram hipertensos. Etnia, consumo atual de álcool e estresse mental são fatores associados à hipertensão. A triagem periódica para detecção precoce da hipertensão e a implementação de intervenções de promoção da saúde para estimular a mudança de comportamento entre os idosos podem promover o envelhecimento saudável.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Rima Mishra, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan-30, Kaski, Nepal.

Bachelor of Public Health, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan-30, Kaski, Nepal.

Damaru Prasad Paneru, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan-30, Kaski, Nepal.

PhD, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan-30, Kaski, Nepal.

Referências

Kapil U, Khandelwal R, Ramakrishnan L, Khenduja P, Gupta A, Pandey RM, et al. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and associated risk factors among geriatric population living in a high-altitude region of rural Uttarakhand, India. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018;7(6):1527-36. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_108_18

Xiao L, Le C, Wang G-Y, Fan L-M, Cui W-L, Liu Y-N, et al. Socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants of the prevalence of hypertension among elderly individuals in rural southwest China: a structural equation modelling approach. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021;21(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-01885-y

Sekeon S, Kalesaran A, Kandou GD. The association between hypertension and quality of life among elderly: A population based comparison study with general population in Tomohon, Indonesia. Glob J Med Public Health. 2017;6:1-6.

Picon RV, Fuchs FD, Moreira LB, Fuchs SC. Prevalence of hypertension among elderly persons in urban Brazil: a systematic review with meta-analysis. American journal of hypertension. 2013;26(4):541-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hps076

World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases in the South-East Asia Region, 2011: situation and response; 2012.

Bosu WK, Aheto JM, Zucchelli E, Reilly S. Prevalence, awareness, and associated risk factors of hypertension in older adults in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Systematic reviews. 2017;6(1):192. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0585-5

Kafle R, Sharma D, Paudel N, Sapkota S, Alurkar V. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension in a Rural Community of Western Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study. JAIM. 2018;7(1):11-6. https://doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v7i1.19577

Dhakal S, Singh R, Yadav U, Gurung L. Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among elderly population in Dhapasi VDC of Kathmandu district. J Hypertens (Los Angel). 2017;6(242):2167-1095. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1095.1000242

World Health Organization. A global brief on hypertension: silent killer, global public health crisis: World Health Day 2013. World Health Organization; 2013.

Kumanan T, Guruparan M, Sreeharan N. Hypertension: “The Silent Killer”. Chennai: Kumaran Book House; 2018.

World Health Organization. High blood pressure-country experiences and effective interventions utilized across the European Region; 2013.

Boateng GO, Luginaah IN, Taabazuing M-M. Examining the risk factors associated with hypertension among the elderly in Ghana. Journal of aging and health. 2015;27(7):1147-69. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0898264315577588

Apidechkul T. Prevalence and factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension among the hill tribe elderly populations in northern Thailand. BMC public health. 2018;18(1):694. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5607-2

Guo J, Fei Y, Li J, Zhang L, Luo Q, Chen G. Gender-and age-specific associations between sleep duration and prevalent hypertension in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: a cross-sectional study from CHARLS 2011–2012. BMJ open. 2016;6(9):e011770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011770

Aryal KK. Non communicable diseases risk factors: STEPS Survey Nepal 2013: Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC); 2014.

Ministry of Health. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. New Era, Kathmandu, Nepal; 2016.

Khanal MK, Dhungana RR, Bhandari P, Gurung Y, Paudel K. Prevalence, associated factors, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension: Findings from a cross sectional study conducted as a part of a community based intervention trial in Surkhet, Mid-western region of Nepal. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0185806. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185806

Zhao C, Wong L, Zhu Q, Yang H. Prevalence and correlates of chronic diseases in an elderly population: A community-based survey in Haikou. PloS one. 2018;13(6):e0199006. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199006

Mehboudi M, Nabipour I, Vahdat K, Darabi H, Raeisi A, Mehrdad N, et al. Inverse association between cigarette and water pipe smoking and hypertension in an elderly population in Iran: Bushehr elderly health programme. J Hum Hypertens. 2017;31(12):821. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2017.64

Adhikari TB, Rijal A, Kallestrup P, Neupane D. Alcohol consumption pattern in western Nepal: findings from the COBIN baseline survey. BMC psychiatry. 2019;19(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2264-7

Bartwal J, Rawat CS, Awasthi S. Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Hypertension among the Elderly Residing in Rural Area of Haldwani Block, in Nainital District of Uttarakhand. J Cardiovasc Disease Res. 2016;7(3):112-5. https://doi.org /10.5530/jcdr.2016.3.3

Hanif AAM, Shamim AA, Hossain MM, Hasan M, Khan MSA, Hossaine M, et al. Gender-specific prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among elderly Bangladeshi people: findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey. BMJ open. 2021;11(1):e038326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038326

Lloyd-Sherlock P, Beard J, Minicuci N, Ebrahim S, Chatterji S. Hypertension among older adults in low-and middle-income countries: prevalence, awareness and control. International journal of epidemiology. 2014;43(1):116-28. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyt215

Zhou J, Fang S. Association between Undiagnosed Hypertension and Health Factors among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16(7):1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071214

Shukuri A, Tewelde T, Shaweno T. Prevalence of old age hypertension and associated factors among older adults in rural Ethiopia. Integr Blood Press Control. 2019;12:23-31. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147%2fibpc.s212821

Mendes TdAB, Goldbaum M, Segri NJ, Barros MBdA, César CLG, Carandina L. Factors associated with the prevalence of hypertension and control practices among elderly residents of São Paulo city, Brazil. Cad. Saúde Pública. 2013;29:2275-86. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00151312

Downloads

Publicado

2021-08-12

Como Citar

Mishra, R., & Paneru, D. P. (2021). Prevalência e fatores associados à hipertensão: Um estudo transversal entre a população idosa na região metropolitana de Pokhara. PAJAR - Pan-American Journal of Aging Research, 9(1), e39756. https://doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2021.1.39756