Listening comprehension and individual differences in working memory capacity in beginning L2 learners
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-4301.2014.1.16839Palabras clave:
Individual differences, Listening comprehension, Working memory capacity, L2 low-proficiency learners.Resumen
The objective of present study was to investigate whether individual differences in working memory capacity of L2 learners predict listening comprehension performance in a proficiency exam. Participants included two groups of adult students (24 students in total) of English as an L2. In the first part of the experiment, the 24 adult students performed a Listening Mock test. In the second part of the experiment the 24 adult students performed a working memory span test. The hypothesis of the study was that individual differences in working memory capacity of L2 learners would predict listening comprehension performance in a proficiency test. The hypothesis was confirmed. Individual differences in working memory capacity predicted listening comprehension performance, showing that the larger the working memory storage capacity is, the higher the scores in listening comprehension tasks will be.
Descargas
Citas
ATKINSON, R. C.; SHIFFRIN, R. M. Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In: Spence, K.W.; Spence, J.T. The psychology of learning and motivation (Volume 2). New York: Academic Press, 1968, p. 89–195.
BADDELEY, A. D.; HITCH, G. Working memory. In: G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 8). New York: Academic Press, 1974, p. 47-89.
BADDELEY, A. D. Working memory: The interface between memory and cognition. In: M. Gazzaniga (Ed.) Cognitive Neuroscience: A Reader. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 2000, p. 292-304.
BADDELEY, A. D; ANDERSON, Michael C.; EYSENCK, Michael W. Memória. Artmed, 2009.
CONWAY, A. R. A.; JARROLD C., KANE, M. J., MIYAKE, A.; TOWSE, J. N. Variation in working memory: An introduction. In A. R. A. Conway, C. Jarrold, M. J. Kane, A. Miyake, J. N. Towse. (Eds). Variation in Working Memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, p. 3-17.
CRAIK, F. I. M. Age-related changes in human memory. In D. C. Park and N. Schwarz (Eds.), Cognitive Aging: A Prime. Philadelphia: Psychology Press. 2000.
DANEMAN, M.; CARPENTER, P. A. Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, v. 19, p. 450-466. 1980.
DANEMAN, M.; GREEN, I. Individual differences in comprehending and producing words in context. Journal of Memory and Language, v. 25, p. 1-18. 1986.
ENGLE, R. W. Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, v. 11, n. 1, p. 9-23. 2002.
FAY, A. Listening Comprehension and Working Memory Capacity in Beginning L2 Learners: An Exploratory Study. Dissertação (mestrado em Linguística), PUCRS, 2012.
FORTKAMP, M. Working memory capacity and L2 speech production: an exploratory study. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística), UFSC, 2000.
HARRINGTON, M. Individual differences in L2 reading: Processing capacity versus linguistic knowledge. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Applied Linguistics. New York, NY, 1991.
HARRINGTON, M.; SAWYER M. L2 Working Memory Capacity and L2 Reading Skill. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, v. 14, p. 25-38, 1992.
JUST, M. A.; CARPENTER, P. A. A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory. Psychological Review, v. 99, p. 122-149, 1992.
MILLER, G. A.; GALANTER, E.; PRIBRAM, K. H. Plans and the structure of behavior. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehard and Winston. 1960.
MIYAKE, A.; FRIEDMAN, N. P. Individual differences in second language proficiency: Working memory as language aptitude. In A. F. Healy; L. E. Bourne, Jr. (Eds.), Foreign language learning: Psycholinguistic studies on training and retention. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998, p. 339-364.
ORTEGA, L. Understanding second language acquisition. London: Arnold. 2009.
SALTHOUSE, T. A. The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychological Review, 103, p. 403–428, 1996.
SCHNEIDER, W.; SHIFFRIN, R. M. Controlled and automatic human information processing I. Detection, search and attention. Psychological Review, v. 84, p. 1-66, 1977.
TOMITCH, L. M. B. Reading: Text Organization Perception and Working Memory Capacity. Florianópolis: PGI/UFSC. (Livro da série ARES – Advanced Research in English Series). 2003.
TRIOLA, M. F. Introdução à Estatística. 7ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: LTC, 1999.
UNSWORTH, N.; ENGLE. R.W. The Nature of Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity: Active Maintenance in Primary Memory and Controlled Search from Secondary Memory. Psychological Review, v. 114, n. 1, p. 104–132. 2007.
WOOD, G., CARVALHO, M.R, NEVES, R., HAASE, V. Validação da Bateria de Avaliação da Memória de Trabalho (BAMT-UFMG). Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, v. 14, n. 2, p. 325-341, 2001.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Direitos Autorais
La sumisión de originales para la Letrônica implica la transferencia, por los autores, de los derechos de publicación. El copyright de los artículos de esta revista es el autor, junto con los derechos de la revista a la primera publicación. Los autores sólo podrán utilizar los mismos resultados en otras publicaciones indicando claramente a Letrônica como el medio de la publicación original.
Licença Creative Commons
Excepto donde especificado de modo diferente, se aplican a la materia publicada en este periódico los términos de una licencia Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional, que permite el uso irrestricto, la distribución y la reproducción en cualquier medio siempre y cuando la publicación original sea correctamente citada.
