Semantic holograms: a metatheoretical proposal toward the evaluation of complex meaning within natural language

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-4301.2019.2.32481

Keywords:

Modality. Semantic holography. Metatheory of Interfaces. Logic and natural language.

Abstract

This paper proposes to evaluate the dimensions of causality as a phenomenon below and beyond the semantic instance, identifiable by means of the approximation between sentence meaning and speaker meaning, which is expressed through the relation between cause/effect feasible by modality. It is assumed that the causal phenomenon, representing both its relevance to human cognition and wider scopes of grammar, falls within the category of complex meaning, requiring the aid of the syntactic and pragmatic disciplines for the semiformal study of its nature and occurrence in the logical-linguistic sphere. Thus, this article is organized according to the following structure: a) the causal phenomenon and its expression within natural language via modality regarding its respective implications for i) everyday communication, ii) scientific language and iii) the ontology of Mind’s, Logic’s, Language’s, Linguistics’ and Science’s Philosophy; b) the constitution of semantic holography by means of a metatheoretical proposal sustained by an interface between logic and natural language; and c) the analysis of complex meaning of causality via modality on the interface between i) syntax and semantics and ii) semantics and pragmatics as symmetrical holograms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Yuri Fernando da Silva Penz, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Humanidades, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.

Doutorando em Letras com concentração em Linguística, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, PUCRS. Este artigo se pauta pelo Projeto de Pesquisa do CNPq, “Modalidade Lógica: um estudo de interfaces”, e pelo Grupo de Pesquisa do CNPq, Lógica e Linguagem Natural. Sendo um recorte da dissertação de mestrado do autor, cabe declarar que o presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal Nível Superior (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001

References

AUSTIN, J. L. How to do things with words? Cambridge: Harvard Univ., 1962.

BACH, E. Natural language metaphysics. Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics, [S. l.], v. 114, p. 573-595, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0049-237X(09)70714-1.

BACH, E. Informal lectures on formal semantics. Albany: State University of New York, 1989.

BAR-HILLEL, Y. Indexical expressions. Mind, Oxford, v. 63, n. 251, p. 359-379, 1954. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXIII.251.359

CARNAP, R. Foundations of Logic and Mathematics. In: NEURATH, O.; CARNAP, R.; MORRIS, C. W. (ed.). International Encyclopedia of Unified Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1938. p. 139-214.

CHIERCHIA, G. Plurality of Mass Nouns and the Notion of “Semantic Parameter”. In: ROTHSTEIN, S. (ed.). Events and Grammar: Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy, v. 70. Dordrecht: Springer, 1998. p. 53-103. ISBN: 978-1-4020-0289-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3969-4_4

CHIERCHIA, G.; McCONNEL-GINET, S. Meaning and grammar: an introduction to semantics. 2. ed. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000.

CHOMSKY, N. The minimalist program. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995.

CINQUE, G. Adverbs and Functional Heads: a crosslinguistic perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

CINQUE, G. Restructuring and functional heads: the cartography of syntactic structures. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

COMRIE, B. Language universals and linguistic typology. Basil Blackwell: Oxford, 1981.

COSTA, J. C. Os Enigmas do Nome - Na interface Lógica/Semântica/Pragmática. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, 2004a [1988].

COSTA, J.C. Metateoria linguística (considerações ao nível de filosofia da ciência). Revista da ADPUCRS, Porto Alegre, n. 5, p. 25-32, 2004b.

COSTA, J. C. The sciences of language: communication, cognition and computation. In: AUDY, J; MOROSINI, M. Innovation and interdisciplinarity in the university. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, 2007. p. 345-376.

COSTA, J. C. Lógica e linguagem natural nas interfaces. In: PEREIRA, A. F.; COSTA, J. C. (ed.). Linguagem e cognição: relações interdisciplinares. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, 2009. p. 132-142.

COSTA, J. C. Na interface entre lógica formal e lógica prática: inferências múltiplas. Letras de Hoje, Porto Alegre, v. 51, n. 3, p. 411-418, 2016. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10,15448/1984-7726.2016.3.25482. Acesso em: 1 jan. 2018.

De PIERRIS, G.; FRIEDMAN, M. Kant and Hume on Causality. In: ZALTA, E. N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition). Disponível em: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/kant-hume-causality/. Acesso em: 1 mar. 2019.

GIERE, R. Scientific perspectivism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226292144.001.0001

GRICE, H.P. Meaning. Philosophical review, Ithaca, v. 66, p. 377–88, 1957. https://doi.org/10.2307/2182440

GRICE, H. P. Logic and conversation. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1967. (William James lectures).

HEIM, I.; KRATZER, A. Semantics in generative grammar. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 1998.

HORNSTEIN, N. Logic as grammar. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1984.

JACKENDOFF, R.S. Language of the mind: essays on mental representation. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1992. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/4129.001.0001

KRATZER, A. The notional category of modality. Worlds, Words, and Contexts. (Eds.). Eikmeyer, H.-J. and H Rieser. Berlín: de Gruyter, 1981. p. 38-74.

KRATZER, A. Modality. von STECHOW, A; D. WUNDERLICH, D. (eds.). Semantics: An International Handbook of Contemporary Research. [Oxford]: [Oxford University Press], 1991. p. 639-650.

KRATZER, A. Constraining premise sets for counterfactuals. Journal of Semantics, [S. l.], v. 22, n. 2, p. 153-158, 2005. Acesso em: 1 jan. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffh020

KRATZER, A. Modality for the 21st Century. Proceedings… In: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF LINGUISTS, 19., Geneva, 2013. p. 181-201.

KRATZER, A. Evidential Moods and the Semantics of Attitude and Speech Reports. Talk given at the University of Pennsylvania (May 5, 2016). In: SYNCART WORKSHOP, 1., Siena, July 13, 2016, and the University of Connecticut (September 9, 2016), 2016.

KRIPKE, S. Naming and necessity. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1980.

LEWIS, D. Causation. The Journal of Philosophy, New York, v. 70, n. 17, p. 556-567, 1973. https://doi.org/10.2307/2025310

LUDLOW, P. Semantics, tense, and time: an essay in the metaphysics of natural language. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6170.001.0001

MONTAGUE, R. Formal philosophy: selected papers. In: THOMASON, R. H. (ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974.

MORRIS, C. Foundations of the theory of signs. In: NEURATH, O.; CARNAP, R.; MORRIS, C. (ed.). International encyclopaedia of Unified Science, v. 1, n. 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1938. p. 77-136.

MORRIS, W. E.; BROWN, C. R., David Hume. In: ZALTA, E.N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2017 Edition). Disponível em: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2017/entries/hume/. Acesso em: 29 jun. 2018.

PEARL, J. Causality: models, reasoning, and inference. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

PEIRCE, C. S. Collected papers. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, USA, 1931-1958.

SAUSSURE, F. Curso de linguística geral. 28. ed. São Paulo: Editora Cultrix, 2012 [1916].

SEARLE, J. R. Speech acts: an essay in the philosophy of language. London: Cambridge Univ., 1969. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139173438

STALNAKER, R. On the representation of context. Journal of logic,

language and information, Dordrecht, v. 7, n. 1, p. 3-19, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008254815298

STALNAKER, R. Context and content. Oxford: Oxford University press, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1093/0198237073.001.0001

STRAWSON, P. F. Introduction to Logical Theory. London: Methuen, 1952.

WITTGENSTEIN, L. Philosophical Investigations. Oxford: Blackwell, 1958.

Published

2019-10-10

How to Cite

Penz, Y. F. da S. (2019). Semantic holograms: a metatheoretical proposal toward the evaluation of complex meaning within natural language. Letrônica, 12(2), e32481. https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-4301.2019.2.32481