Prospección de una Teoría Crítica de la política
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-7289.2022.1.42204Palabras clave:
Teoría Crítica, Escuela de Frankfurt, Teoría política, Teoría sociológica, PolíticaResumen
La cuestión de la relevancia política actual de la Teoría Crítica apunta a un problema más profundo: el de la relación fundamental entre la Teoría Crítica y la política. El status de su relación debe considerarse complicado. La política, dice un juicio ampliamente sostenido, no tiene lugar en el cosmos de la Teoría Crítica: allí donde podría o debería ser el lugar para un análisis teóricamente reflejado de la política, según el reproche escuchado repetidamente (por ejemplo, Howard 2000), hay un brecha en el corazón de la histórica “Escuela de Frankfurt” (Wiggershaus 1995; Jay 1973) alrededor de Max Horkheimer y Theodor W. Adorno. A continuación, no queremos simplemente apuntar otro “déficit de política” en la Teoría Crítica “clásica”, sino, por un lado, medir la relación exacta con el objeto de la política y, por otro lado, echar un vistazo en el estado actual de la teoría, que resulta ser bastante diferente. Sin embargo, preguntar si y cómo es posible una Teoría Crítica de la política hoy no significa simplemente reflexionar sobre los desarrollos actuales. Estamos convencidos de que esta importante tarea necesita primero una base teórica para poder explotar todo el potencial del enfoque. En este sentido, es necesario explorar cómo, en las circunstancias actuales, la programática clásica de la Teoría Crítica puede vincularse a la política. Para arrojar luz sobre los problemas con los que se enfrenta el pensamiento contemporáneo sobre la posibilidad y la forma de una Teoría Crítica de la política, comenzaremos por abordar con cierto detalle la cuestión del lugar de la política en la Teoría Crítica y la política de los teóricos críticos, para luego delinear cinco niveles teóricos (teorecidad, aspiración, programática, metodología teórica, núcleo temporal) y tres caminos principales (profundización, reorientación y retorno) basados en enfoques actuales.
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