Preclinical evaluation of a xenogenic hydroxyapatite/ collagen-based bone substitute material

Authors

  • Rafael Cotias Bittencourt Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, UFF - Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ
  • Igor Iuco Castro-Silva Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, UFF - Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ
  • Anderson de Oliveira Paulo Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, FACIT - Faculty of Sciences of Tocantins, Araguaína, TO
  • Débora dos Santos Tavares UFS - Sergipe Federal University, Lagarto, SE
  • José Mauro Granjeiro Directory of Programs/Bioengineering Program, INMETRO - National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality, Duque de Caxias, RJ

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2014.1.12506

Keywords:

Bioprosthesis, materials testing, bone regeneration, apatite, collagen

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and biological properties of a bovine xenograft for bone repair. Methods: Physicochemical analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning eletron microscopy. In vitro biocompatibility was evaluated through cytotoxicity and cell adhesion assays using a fibroblast cell line culture and murine pre-osteoblasts, respectively. Furthermore, an in vivo assay using a subcutaneous grafting on a rat model (5 and 10 weeks, synthetic hydroxyapatite as a control material) and yet a long term experiment in criticalsize calvarial defects (6 and 9 months, blood clot and autogenous bone as negative and positive controls, respectively). Results: The test material presented a three-dimensional architecture consisting of dense granules and micropores (various sizes), composed of crystalline hydroxyapatite/collagen fibers. The xenograft was cytocompatible and after 7 days pre-osteoblast spreading on material granules was observed. Histopathological analysis of the implanted material into rat subcutaneous showed the intact xenograft after 10 weeks surrounded by loose connective tissue with a mild inflammatory infiltrate and giant multinuclear cells around the particles (5 and 10 weeks) similar to the synthetic hydroxyapatite. Concerning the critical-size calvarial defects it was observed 1.7 times more new bone formation in the xenograft than the blood clot group (P<0.001), a similar result was verified on autograft. There was no significant variation in the volume density of the xenograft (37.9%±4.3). Conclusion: It was concluded that the xenogenic material is biomimetic, biocompatible, osteoconductive and non-resorbable, therefore being a promising material for bone repair.

Author Biographies

Rafael Cotias Bittencourt, Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, UFF - Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ

MD in Dentistry

Igor Iuco Castro-Silva, Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, UFF - Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ

PhD stud in Dentistry

Anderson de Oliveira Paulo, Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, FACIT - Faculty of Sciences of Tocantins, Araguaína, TO

PhD in Dentistry

Débora dos Santos Tavares, UFS - Sergipe Federal University, Lagarto, SE

PhD in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

José Mauro Granjeiro, Directory of Programs/Bioengineering Program, INMETRO - National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality, Duque de Caxias, RJ

Senior Researcher

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Published

2014-07-28

Issue

Vol. 29 No. 1 (2014)

Section

Original Article

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