Effect of monolingualism and bilingualism in the anterior cingulate cortex: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study in two centers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-7726.2018.1.30954Palabras clave:
H-MRS, Aging, Multilingualism, Flanker task, ACC, Cognitive controlResumen
Reports of an advantage of bilingualism on brain structure in young adult participants are inconsistent. Abutalebi et al. (2012) reported more efficient monitoring of conflict during the Flanker task in young bilinguals compared to young monolingual speakers. The present study compared young adult (mean age = 24) Cantonese-English bilinguals in Hong Kong and young adult monolingual speakers. We expected (a) differences in metabolites in neural tissue to result from bilingual experience, as measured by 1H-MRS at 3T, (b) correlations between metabolic levels and Flanker conflict and interference effects (c) different associations in bilingual and monolingual speakers. We found evidence of metabolic differences in the ACC due to bilingualism, specifically in metabolites Cho, Cr, Glx and NAA. However, we found no significant correlations between metabolic levels and conflict and interference effects and no significant evidence of differential relationships between bilingual and monolingual speakers. Furthermore, we found no evidence of significant differences in the mean size of conflict and interference effects between groups i.e. no bilingual advantage. Lower levels of Cho, Cr, Glx and NAA in bilingual adults compared to monolingual adults suggest that the brains of bilinguals develop greater adaptive control during conflict monitoring because of their extensive bilingual experience.
Descargas
Citas
ABUTALEBI, J.; GREEN, D.W. Neuroimaging of language control in bilinguals: neural adaptation and reserve. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, v. 19, n. 4, p. 689-698, 2016.
ABUTALEBI, J.; GREEN, D.W. Control mechanisms in bilingual language production: Neural evidence from language switching studies. Language and Cognitive Processes, v. 23, n. 4, p. 557-582, 2008.
ABUTALEBI, J. et al. Language control and lexical competition in bilinguals: an event-related fMRI study. Cerebral Cortex, v. 18, n. 7, p. 1496-1505, 2007.
ABUTALEBI, J. et al. The neural cost of the auditory perception of language switches: an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study in bilinguals. Journal of Neuroscience, v. 27, n. 50, p. 13762-13769, 2007.
ABUTALEBI, J. et al. Language proficiency modulates the engagement of cognitive control areas in multilinguals. Cortex, v. 49, n. 3, p. 905-911, 2013.
ABUTALEBI, J. et al. Bilingualism tunes the anterior cingulate cortex for conflict monitoring. Cerebral Cortex, v. 22, n. 9, p. 2076-2086, 2011.
ANTÓN, E. et al. Is there a bilingual advantage in the ANT task? Evidence from children. Frontiers in Psychology, v. 5, 2014.
BIALYSTOK, E. Effect of bilingualism and computer video game experience on the Simon task. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie Expérimentale, v. 60, n. 1, p. 68, 2006.
BIALYSTOK, E. et al. Bilingualism, aging, and cognitive control: evidence from the Simon task. Psychology and Aging, v. 19, n. 2, p. 290, 2004.
BIALYSTOK, E.; CRAIK, F.; LUK, G. Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, memory, and cognition, v. 34, n. 4, p. 859, 2008.
BOTVINICK, M. M. et al. Conflict monitoring and cognitive control. Psychological review, v. 108, n. 3, p. 624, 2001.
BOTVINICK, M. M.; COHEN, J. D.; CARTER, C. S. Conflict monitoring and anterior cingulate cortex: an update. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, v. 8, n. 12, p. 539-546, 2004.
BRANZI, F. M. et al. Language control in bilinguals: monitoring and response selection. Cerebral Cortex, v. 26, n. 6, p. 2367- 2380, 2015.
CHIU, P. W. et al. Metabolic changes in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortices of the normal aging brain: proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 3T. Age, v. 36, n. 1, p. 251-264, 2014.
CIESLIK, E. C. et al. Three key regions for supervisory attentional control: evidence from neuroimaging meta-analyses. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, v. 48, p. 22-34, 2015.
COSTA, A. et al. On the bilingual advantage in conflict processing: Now you see it, now you don’t. Cognition, v. 113, n. 2, p. 135-149, 2009.
DELLA ROSA, P. A. et al. A neural interactive location for multilingual talent. Cortex, v. 49, n. 2, p. 605-608, 2013.
ELMER, S.; HÄNGGI, J.; JÄNCKE, L. Processing demands upon cognitive, linguistic, and articulatory functions promote grey matter plasticity in the adult multilingual brain: insights from simultaneous interpreters. Cortex, v. 54, p. 179-189, 2014.
FAN, J. et al. The activation of attentional networks. Neuroimage, v. 26, n. 2, p. 471-479, 2005.
GREEN, D.W. Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, v. 1, n. 2, p. 67-81, 1998.
GROGAN, A. et al. Structural correlates of semantic and phonemic fluency ability in first and second languages. Cerebral Cortex, v. 19, n. 11, p. 2690-2698, 2009.
GUO, T. et al. Local and global inhibition in bilingual word production: fMRI evidence from Chinese-English bilinguals. NeuroImage, v. 56, n. 4, p. 2300-2309, 2011.
HILCHEY, M. D.; KLEIN, R. M. Are there bilingual advantages on nonlinguistic interference tasks? Implications for the plasticity of executive control processes. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, v. 18, n. 4, p. 625-658, 2011.
HOSODA, C. et al. Neural mechanisms of language switch. Journal of Neurolinguistics, v. 25, n. 1, p. 44-61, 2012.
LUK, G. et al. Cognitive control for language switching in bilinguals: A quantitative meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. Language and Cognitive Processes, v. 27, n. 10, p. 1479-1488, 2012.
MAK, H. K. F. et al. Efficacy of voxel-based morphometry with DARTEL and standard registration as imaging biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease patients and cognitively normal older adults at 3.0 Tesla MR imaging. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, v. 23, n. 4, p. 655-664, 2011. Let. Hoje, v. 53, n. 1, p. 5-12, jan.-mar. 2018
MARTIN-RHEE, M. M.; BIALYSTOK, E. The development of two types of inhibitory control in monolingual and bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, v. 11, n. 1, p. 81-93, 2008.
MECHELLI, A. et al. Neurolinguistics: structural plasticity in the bilingual brain. Nature, v. 431, n. 7010, p. 757-757, 2004.
MLYNÁRIK, V.; GRUBER, S.; MOSER, E. Proton T1 and T2 relaxation times of human brain metabolites at 3 Tesla. NMR in biomedicine, v. 14, n. 5, p. 325-331, 2001.
NEE, D. E.; WAGER, T. D.; JONIDES, J. Interference resolution: insights from a meta-analysis of neuroimaging tasks. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, v. 7, n. 1, p. 1-17, 2007.
NIENDAM, T. A. et al. Meta-analytic evidence for a superordinate cognitive control network subserving diverse executive functions. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, v. 12, n, 2, p. 241-268, 2012.
ONG, G. et al. A diffusion model approach to analysing the bilingual advantage for the Flanker task: The role of attentional control processes. Journal of Neurolinguistics, v. 43, p. 28-38, 2017.
PAAP, K. R.; GREENBERG, Z. I. There is no coherent evidence for a bilingual advantage in executive processing. Cognitive Psychology, v. 66, n. 2, p. 232-258, 2013.
PAAP, K. R.; JOHNSON, H. A.; SAWI, O. Bilingual advantages in executive functioning either do not exist or are restricted to very specific and undetermined circumstances. Cortex, v. 69, p. 265-278, 2015.
RICHARDSON, F. M.; PRICE, C. J. Structural MRI studies of language function in the undamaged brain. Brain Structure and Function, v. 213, n. 6, p. 511-523, 2009.
RODRIGUEZ-FORNELLS, A. et al. Second language interferes with word production in fluent bilinguals: brain potential and functional imaging evidence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, v. 17, n. 3, p. 422-433, 2005.
SNODGRASS, J. G.; VANDERWART, M. A standardized set of 260 pictures: norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, v. 6, n. 2, p. 174, 1980.
STEIN, M. et al. Structural plasticity in the language system related to increased second language proficiency. Cortex, v. 48, n. 4, p. 458-465, 2012.
VALIAN, V. Bilingualism and cognition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, v. 18, n. 1, p. 3-24, 2015.
VAN HEUVEN, W. J. et al. Language conflict in the bilingual brain. Cerebral Cortex, v. 18, n. 11, p. 2706-2716, 2008.
VON BASTIAN, C. C.; SOUZ A, A. S.; GADE, M. No evidence for bilingual cognitive advantages: A test of four hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, v. 145, n. 2, p. 246, 2016.
WANG, Y. et al. Q. Neural bases of asymmetric language switching in second-language learners: An ER-fMRI study. NeuroImage, v. 35, n. 2, p. 862-870, 2007.
ZHOU, B.; KROTT, A. Data trimming procedure can eliminate bilingual cognitive advantage. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, v. 23, n. 4, p. 1221-1230, 2016.
ZOU, L. et al. Structural plasticity of the left caudate in bimodal bilinguals. Cortex, v. 48, n. 9, p. 1197-1206, 2012.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de Autor
La sumisión de originales para la Letras de Hoje implica la transferencia, por los autores, de los derechos de publicación. El copyright de los artículos de esta revista es el autor, junto con los derechos de la revista a la primera publicación. Los autores sólo podrán utilizar los mismos resultados en otras publicaciones indicando claramente a Letras de Hoje como el medio de la publicación original.
Creative Commons License
Excepto donde especificado de modo diferente, se aplican a la materia publicada en este periódico los términos de una licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional, que permite el uso irrestricto, la distribución y la reproducción en cualquier medio siempre y cuando la publicación original sea correctamente citada.
