A eficácia de uma intervenção educacional baseada em teoria na promoção do comportamento relacionado à atividade física em pacientes com dor lombar crônica
um estudo controlado randomizado baseado em centro de saúde (TRA -BAC)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2024.1.45567Palavras-chave:
teoria da ação racional, comportamento de saúde, dor lombar, intervenção educativa, teoria da ação racionalizada.Resumo
Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de um programa educacional baseado na Teoria da Ação Racionalizada (TRA) na promoção do comportamento de atividade física (AF) em pacientes com dor lombar crônica (cLBP). Métodos: o programa Reasoned Action Theory-based Back Care foi um ensaio clínico randomizado realizado em um Centro de Serviços de Saúde. Comparou a eficácia do método TRA com um grupo de controle. Oitenta pacientes encaminhados para a Universidade de Ciências Médicas Shahid Beheshti, em Teerã, foram aleatoriamente designados para o grupo de intervenção baseado em TRA (n=40) ou para o grupo de controle (n=40). Ambos os grupos preencheram questionários autorrelatados no início do estudo, com acompanhamentos aos três e seis meses. Além disso, uma lista de verificação avaliou as habilidades de teste de amplitude de movimento da coluna lombar usando o teste de Schober modificado. Resultados: foi observado um efeito de interação significativo entre os fatores “grupo” e “tempo de teste” (p<0,001). Foram avaliados 77 pacientes com cLBP, com idade média de 41,0±4,2 anos no grupo intervenção e 39,0±3,5 anos no grupo controle. Embora ambos os grupos inicialmente estivessem alinhados com os construtos TRA (p>0,05), o grupo de intervenção demonstrou melhorias significativas no comportamento relacionado à AF nos acompanhamentos de três (p
<0,001) e seis meses (p><0,001). A pontuação média do comportamento de AF no grupo intervenção (8,4±1,1) foi significativamente maior em comparação ao grupo controle (3,2±1,0) (p><0,001). Da mesma forma, a intensidade da dor foi significativamente menor no grupo intervenção (3,8±2,2) em comparação ao grupo controle (4,3±3,0) (p><0,001). Além disso, o grupo de intervenção mostrou uma melhora significativa nas habilidades de teste de amplitude de movimento da coluna lombar (p ><0,05), enquanto as habilidades de teste de amplitude de movimento da coluna lombar do grupo de intervenção diminuíram significativamente (p><0,05). Conclusões: o programa TRA-BAC demonstra ser promissor na melhora do comportamento relacionado à AF e na redução da dor em pacientes com cLBP por meio de estratégias educacionais direcionadas baseadas na estrutura TRA.
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