Investigação etiológica de causa genética na perturbação do espetro do autismo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.39581Palavras-chave:
Transtorno do Espetro Autista, Distúrbios do Neurodesenvolvimento, Testes genéticosResumo
OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar a investigação etiológica de causa genética na perturbação do espetro do autismo e determinar os fatores que se relacionam com a sua identificação.
MÉTODOS: Um estudo retrospetivo descritivo, com componente analítica, incluiu crianças e adolescentes com perturbação do espetro de autismo seguidos em consulta num hospital nível 2 entre novembro de 2017 e outubro de 2019. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: idade, sexo, idade na primeira consulta, antecedentes familiares, exame objetivo, avaliação cognitiva, investigação etiológica de causa genética e diagnóstico etiológico de causa genética. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o programa SPSS®v23 (nível de significância 0,05).
RESULTADOS: Identificámos 153 crianças com perturbação do espetro de autismo, das quais 48 realizaram investigação etiológica de causa genética: 45 realizaram microarray (alterações patogénicas 15,6%); 42 realizaram estudo molecular da síndrome X-Frágil (um alterado); dois realizaram sequenciação do gene MECP2 (um alterado). O diagnóstico de causa genética foi feito em 18,8% da amostra. A identificação de etiologia de causa genética relacionou-se com défice intelectual/atraso global do desenvolvimento psicomotor (p=0,04) e com a presença de antecedentes familiares relevantes (p=0,005).
CONCLUSÕES: A rentabilidade diagnóstica do estudo genético foi superior em doentes com atraso global do desenvolvimento psicomotor/défice intelectual associado e com antecedentes familiares relevantes.
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