Interplay and centrality of HiTOP internalizing symptoms

network comparison between females and males

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2025.147185

Keywords:

internalizing symptoms, gender differences, psychopathology, network analysis

Abstract

Our aim was to investigate sex differences in the interplay and centrality of internalizing symptoms using network analysis. We analyzed data from 442 Brazilian adults (221 males and 221 females), utilizing the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms - Expanded Version (IDAS-II), a measure of internalizing symptoms aligned with the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Network analysis revealed substantial similarities between males and females, with both networks showing the strongest associations between symptom pairs such as euphoria and well-being, and dysphoria and lassitude. Dysphoria emerged as the most central symptom for both sexes, highlighting its importance in internalizing psychopathology. However, some sex-specific differences were noted, with males showing stronger associations between symptoms like dysphoria and insomnia, and traumatic intrusions and avoidance. Our findings suggest a largely shared structure of internalizing symptoms between sexes, though targeted interventions may be beneficial to address specific symptom patterns in males and females.

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Author Biographies

Gisele Magarotto Machado, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway. / University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

She holds a PhD and works as a Postdoctoral Researcher in Norway, doubly affiliated with Akershus University Hospital and the PROMENTA Research Center at the University of Oslo.

Ariela Raissa Lima-Costa, São Francisco University (USF), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

PhD, affiliated with the Department of Psychology at São Francisco University, in Brazil.

Marcela Mansur-Alves, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

She holds a doctorate and conducts her academic activities in the Postgraduate Program in Psychology: Cognition and Behavior, which is part of the Department of Psychology at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (Brazil).

Bruno Bonfá-Araujo, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

Doctor, currently works as a Postdoctoral researcher in the Czech Republic, affiliated with Masaryk University, and is an associate professor in Brazil, affiliated with Tuiuti University of Paraná.

Lucas de Francisco Carvalho, São Francisco University (USF), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

PhD, affiliated with the Department of Psychology at the University of São Francisco, in Brazil.

Carlos Aznar-Blefari, Tuiuti University of Paraná (UTP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

The PhD holder works in the Department of Forensic Psychology at Tuiuti University of Paraná, in Brazil.

Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

PhD, affiliated with the Postgraduate Program in Psychology, in the Department of Developmental and Personality Psychology at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil).

Murilo Ricardo Zibetti, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos), São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Doctor, affiliated with the Postgraduate Program in Psychology, in the Department of Psychology at the University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, in Brazil.

David Watson, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana, United States.

Doctor, he has an international affiliation with the Department of Psychology at the University of Notre Dame in the United States.

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2025-12-19

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Magarotto Machado, G., Lima-Costa, A. R., Mansur-Alves, M., Bonfá-Araujo, B., Carvalho, L. de F., Aznar-Blefari, C., … Watson, D. (2025). Interplay and centrality of HiTOP internalizing symptoms: network comparison between females and males. Psico, 56(1), e47185. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2025.147185

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Copyright (c) 2025 Gisele Magarotto Machado, Ariela Raissa Lima-Costa, Marcela Mansur-Alves, Bruno Bonfá-Araujo, Lucas de Francisco Carvalho, Carlos Aznar-Blefari, Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski, Murilo Ricardo Zibetti, David Watson

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