Optimism and benefit finding in caregivers of children with cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2021.1.34179Keywords:
caregivers, optimism, post-traumatic growth, children, oncologyAbstract
In order to analyze the relationship between optimism and benefit finding in caregivers of children with cancer, a convenience sample with 60 caregivers was made up, with an average age of 36.5 (DP=9.17), 81.7 women, in a referral hospital. The tools used were: Life Orientation Test, Post-traumatic Growth Inventory and socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire. After the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, the positive correlation between optimism and benefit finding (perception of resources and personal skills) was observed. Optimism and benefit finding were also associated with clinical and socio-demographic variables: married caregivers and with children without chemotherapy reported greater benefit finding; and caregivers whose children had a longer treatment period turned out to be more optimistic and with greater benefit finding. It is concluded that individual and clinical characteristics should be considered in interventions focused on reframing the experience of having a child with cancer and the growth face to adversities.
Downloads
References
Alderfer, M. A., Mougianis, I., Barakat, L. P., Beele, D., DiTaranto, S., Hwang, W.-T., Reilly, A.T. & Kazak, A. E. (2009). Family psychosocial risk, distress, and service utilization in pediatric cancer. Cancer, 115(S18), 4339-4349. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24587
Andersson G. (1996). The benefits of optimism: a metaanalytic review of the life orientation test. Pers Individ Differences, 21(5), 719-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00118-3
Andrea, M. L. M. (2008). Oncologia pediátrica. In V. A. Carvalho et al. (Orgs.), Temas em psico-oncologia (pp. 477-495). Summus.
Barakat, L. P., Alderfer, M. A., & Kazak, A. E. (2006). Posttraumatic growth in adolescent survivors of cancer and their mothers and fathers. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31(4), 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsj058
Barrera M., D’Agostino N., Gammon J., Spencer L., & Baruchel S. (2005). Health-related quality of life and enrollment in phase 1 trials in children with incurable cancer. Palliat Support Care, 3, 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951505050315
Barreto, J. B. V., & Boeckel, M. G. (2019). Regulação emocional e conjugalidade: vivência de pais com filhos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Contextos Clínicos, 12(1), 342-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2019.121.14
Bozkurt, G., İnal, S., Yantiri, L., & Alparslan, Ö. (2019). Relationship between coping strategies, religious attitude, and optimism of mothers of children with cancer. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 30(4), 365-370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659618818714
Calvetti, P. U., Muller, M. C., & Nunes, M. L. T. (2007). Psicologia da saúde e psicologia positiva: perspectivas e desafios. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 27(4), 706-717. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1414-98932007000400011
Campos, J. O. C., & Trentini, C. M. (2019). Análise Fatorial Confirmatória da Versão Brasileira do Inventário de Crescimento Pós-Traumático. Avaliação Psicológica, 18(1), 50-57. https://dx.doi.org/10.15689/ap.2019.1801.14667.06
Compas, B. E., Desjardins, L., Vannatta, K., Young-Saleme, T., Rodriguez, E. M., Dunn, M., Bemis, H., Snyder, S., & Gerhardt, C. A. (2014). Children and adolescents coping with cancer: Self-and parent reports of coping and anxiety/depression. Health Psychology, 33(8), 853. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000083
Cordova, M. J., Riba, M. B., & Spiegel, D. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder and cancer. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(4), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30014-7
Dahlquist, L. M., Czyzewski, D. I., & Jones, C. L. (1996). Parents of children with cancer: A longitudinal study of emotional distress, coping style, and marital adjustment two and twenty months after diagnosis. Journal of pediatric psychology, 21(4), 541-554. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/21.4.541
da Silva, B. C. D. A., dos Santos, M. A., & de Oliveira Cardoso, É. A. (2019). Vivências de familiares de pacientes com câncer: revisitando a literatura. Revista da SPAGESP, 20(1), 140-153.
de Siqueira, H. C. H., Bick, M. A., Sampaio, A. D., de Medeiros, A. C., de Siqueira Bento, A., & Severo, D. F. (2019). Repercussões do câncer infantil no ambiente familiar. Revista Renome, 8(1), 20-29.
Ellen E. K., Remes J., Sovia U. (2004). Social and developmental predictors of optimism from infancy to early adulthood. Social Indicators Research, 69, 219-242. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SOCI.0000033591.80716.07
Fayed, N., Klassen, A. F., Dix, D., Klaassen, R., & Sung, L. (2011). Exploring predictors of optimism among parents of children with cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 20(4), 411-418. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1743
Fotiadou, M., Barlow, J. H., Powell, L. A., & Langton, H. (2008). Optimism and psychological well-being among parents of children with cancer: an exploratory study. Psycho-Oncology, 17(4), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1257
Gardner, M. H., Mrug, S., Schwebel, D. C., Phipps, S., Whelan, K., & Madan-Swain, A. (2017). Demographic, medical, and psychosocial predictors of benefit finding among caregivers of childhood cancer survivors. Psycho-Oncology, 26(1), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4014
Gomes I. P., & Collet N. (2010). Distressful symptoms related to chemotherapy from the perspective of children: a qualitative research. Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-4285.20103045
Harding, S., Sanipour, F., & Moss, T. (2014). Existence of benefit finding and posttraumatic growth in people treated for head and neck cancer: a systematic review. PeerJ, 2, e256. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.256
Hildenbrand, A. K., Alderfer, M. A., Deatrick, J. A., & Marsac, M. L. (2014). A mixed methods assessment of coping with pediatric cancer. Journal of psychosocial oncology, 32(1), 37-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2013.855960
Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (2019). Tratamento do câncer. INCA. https://www.inca.gov.br/tratamento
Kazak, A. E., & Baxt, C. (2007). Families of infants and young children with cancer: a post-traumatic stress framework. Pediatric Blood Cancer, 49(7), 1109-1113. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.21345
Kim, Y., Schulz, R., & Carver, C. S. (2007). Benefit finding in the cancer caregiving experience. Psychosomatic Medicine, 69(3), 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3180417cf4
Kim, J., Kim, M., & Park, S. H. (2016). Exploring the relationship among posttraumatic growth, life satisfaction, and happiness among Korean individuals with physical disabilities. Psychological reports, 119(1), 312-327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294116653954
Kohlsdorf, M., & Costa Junior, A. L. (2012). Impacto psicossocial do câncer pediátrico para pais: revisão da literatura. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 22(51), 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-863X2012000100014
Llewellyn, C. D., Horney, D. J., McGurk, M., Weinman, J., Herold, J., Altman, K., & Smith, H. E. (2013). Assessing the psychological predictors of benefit finding in patients with head and neck cancer. Psycho-Oncology,22(1), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.2065
Mavandadi, S., Dobkin, R., Mamikonyan, E., Sayers, S., Ten Have, T., & Weintraub, D. (2014). Benefit finding and relationship quality in Parkinson’s disease: A pilot dyadic analysis of husbands and wives. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(5), 728. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037847
Michel, G., Taylor, N., Absolom, K., & Eiser, C. (2010). Benefit finding in survivors of childhood cancer and their parents: Further empirical support for the Benefit Finding Scale for Children. Child: Care, health and development, 36(1), 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01034.x
Ministério da Saúde. (2020). Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva. Estimativa 2020: Incidência de Câncer no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro.
Norberg, A. L., Lindblad, F., Boman, K. K. (2005). Coping strategies in parents of children with cancer. Social, Science & Medicine, 60, 965-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.06.030
Phipps, S. (2007). Adaptative style in children with cancer: Implications for a positive psychology approach. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32(9), 1055-1066. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsm060
Phipps, S., Long, A. M. & Ogden, J. (2007). Benefit finding scale for children: preliminary findings from a childhood cancer population. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32, 1264-1271. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsl052
Quintana, A. M. et al. (2017, nov.). Lutos e lutas: Reestruturações familiares diante do câncer em uma criança/adolescente. Psicologia Argumento, 29(65), 145-164.
Reynolds, N., Mrug, S., Wolfe, K., Schwebel, D., & Wallander, J. (2016). Spiritual coping, psychosocial adjustment, and physical health in youth with chronic illness: a meta-analytic review. Health psychology review, 10(2), 226-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2016.1159142
Salvador, Á., Crespo, C., Martins, A. R., Santos, S., & Canavarro, M. C. (2015). Parents’ perceptions about their child’s illness in pediatric cancer: Links with caregiving burden and quality of life. Journal of child and family studies, 24(4), 1129-1140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9921-8
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychology, 4, 219-247. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219
Sears, S. R., Stanton, A. L., & Danoff Burg, S. (2003). The yellow brick road and the emerald city: benefit finding, positive reappraisal coping, and posttraumatic growth in women with early stage breast cancer. Health Psychology, 22(5), 487-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.22.5.487
Segerstrom, S. C., Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2017). Optimism. In Robinson, M. D., & Eid, M. (Eds.), The happy mind: Cognitive contributions to well-being (pp. 195-212). Springer International Publishing.
Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction. In Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R., Flow and the foundations of positive psychology (pp. 279-298). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_18
Silva, S. I. M., Moreira, H. I. C, Pinto, S. M. A., & Canavarro, M. C. C. S. P. (2009). Cancro da mama e desenvolvimento pessoal e relacional: estudo das características psicométricas do Inventário de Desenvolvimento Pós-Traumático (Psttraumatic Growth Inventory) numa amostra de mulheres da população portuguesa. RIDEP, 28(2), 105-133.
Stagl, J. M., Antoni, M. H., Lechner, S. C., Bouchard, L. C., Blomberg, B. B., Glück, S., Derhagopian, R. P., & Carver, C. S. (2015). Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral stress management in breast cancer: A brief report of effects on 5-year depressive symptoms. Health psychology, 34(2), 176-180. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000125
Stanton A. L., Bower, J. E., & Low, C. A. (2006). Posstraumatic growth after cancer. In L. G. Calhoun, & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posstraumatic growth (pp. 138-75). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Taylor, S. E. (1983). Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. American Psychologist, 38(11), 1161-1173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.38.11.1161
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of Trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 455-471. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490090305
Tedeschi, R. G., Calhoun, L. G., & Groleau, J. M. (2015). Clinical applications of posttraumatic growth. Positive psychology in practice: Promoting human flourishing in work, health, education and everyday life, 2, 503-518. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118996874.ch30
Tennen, H., & Affleck, G. (2002). Benefit-finding and benefit-reminding. In C. R. Snyder, & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 584-597). Oxford University Press.
Van Schoors, M., Caes, L., Alderfer, M. A., Goubert, L., & Verhofstadt, L. (2017). Couple functioning after pediatric cancer diagnosis: a systematic review. Psycho-Oncology, 26(5), 608-616. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4204
Vitorino, L. M., Lopes-Júnior, L. C., de Oliveira, G. H., Tenaglia, M., Brunheroto, A., Cortez, P. J. O., & Lucchetti, G. (2018). Spiritual and religious coping and depression among family caregivers of pediatric cancer patients in Latin America. Psycho-Oncology, 27(8), 1900-1907. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4739
Wiener, L., Battles, H., Zadeh, S., Pelletier, W., Arruda-Colli, M. N. F., & Muriel, A. C. (2017). The perceived influence of childhood cancer on the parents’ relationship. Psycho-oncology, 26(12), 2109-2117. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4313
Wiener, L., Kazak, A. E., Noll, R. B., Patenaude, A. F., & Kupst, M. J. (2015). Standards for the psychosocial care of children with cancer and their families: an introduction to the special issue. Pediatric blood & cancer, 62(S5), S419-S424. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.25675
Willard, V. W., Hostetter, S. A., Hutchinson, K. C., Bonner, M. J., & Hardy, K. K. (2016). Benefit finding in maternal caregivers of pediatric cancer survivors: a mixed methods approach. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 33(5), 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043454215620119
Williams, N. A., Davis, G., Hancock, M., & Phipps, S. (2010). Optimism and pessimism in children with cancer and healthy children: confirmatory factor analysis of the youth life orientation test and relations with health-related quality of life. Journal of pediatric psychology, 35(6), 672-682. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsp084
Yi, J., Zebrack, B., Kim, M. A., & Cousino, M. (2015). Posttraumatic growth outcomes and their correlates among young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Journal of pediatric psychology, 40(9), 981-991. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsv075
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Psico
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.