A prática dos terapeutas do esquema brasileiros nos atendimentos por videoconferência a partir da pandemia da COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2026.1.47304Palavras-chave:
Terapia do Esquema, Telepsicologia, Intervenções on-line, TeleterapiaResumo
Psicólogos do mundo inteiro realizaram uma transição abrupta dos atendimentos presenciais para a modalidade on-line em decorrência da pandemia da COVID-19. Este estudo visa identificar os aspectos que impactaram a prática dos terapeutas do esquema brasileiros a partir dessa adesão massiva aos atendimentos remotos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e correlacional realizado a partir do levantamento de dados de 79 terapeutas do esquema, com diferentes formações, que, por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico e de instrumentos psicométricos, forneceram dados sobre seus comportamentos e percepções relacionados aos seus atendimentos por videoconferência. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: atitudes favoráveis à utilização da tecnologia, percepção de equivalência de qualidade dos atendimentos e da relação terapêutica se comparados aos atendimentos presenciais e preferência pelas técnicas de imagens mentais em detrimento das técnicas de cadeiras. Almeja-se que estes dados contribuam para a reflexão e a prática futura dos terapeutas do esquema no atendimento remoto.
Downloads
Referências
Aafjes-van Doorn, K., Békés, V., & Prout, T. A. (2021). Grappling with our therapeutic relationship and professional self-doubt during COVID-19: Will we use video therapy again? Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 34(3-4), 473–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2020.1773404
Assi, G., & Thieme, A. L. (2019). Desafios na psicoterapia online: reflexões a partir de um relato de caso de uma paciente com ansiedade. Perspectivas em Análise do Comportamento, 10(2), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.18761/PAC.2019.v10.n2.06
Békés, V., & Aafjes-van Doorn, K. (2020). Psychotherapists’ attitudes toward online therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30(2), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000214
Békés, V., Aafjes‐van Doorn, K., McCollum, J., Prout, T. R., & Hoffman, L. (2022). The development of a self‐report scale to assess therapists’ acceptance of telepsychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(6), 1240–1260. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23289
Borloti, E., Haydu, V. B., Kienen, N., & Zacarin, M. R. J. (2020). Saúde mental e intervenções psicológicas durante a pandemia da Covid-19: um panorama. Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento, 16(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.18542/rebac.v16i1.8885
Bossi, T. J., & Sehaparini, I. (2021). Challenges in the transition from face-to-face to online psychotherapeutic care in the COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Psychotherapy, 23(1), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.5935/2318-0404.20210012
Cantone, D., Guerriera, C., Architravo, M., Alfano, Y. M., Cioffi, V., Moretto, E., Mosca, L. L., Longobardi, T., Muzzi, B., Maldonato, M. N., & Sperandeo, R. (2021). A sample of Italian psychotherapists express their perception and opinions of online psychotherapy during the covid-19 pandemic. Rivista di Psichiatria, 56(4), 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1708/3654.36347
Feijt, M., De Kort, Y., Bongers, I., Bierbooms, J., Westerink, J., & IJsselsteijn, W. (2020). Mental health care goes online: Practitioners’ experiences of providing mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(12), 860–864. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0370
Gülüm, İ. V., & Soygüt, G. (2022). Limited reparenting as a corrective emotional experience in schema therapy: A preliminary task analysis. Psychotherapy Research, 32(2), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2021.1921301
Hatcher, R. L., & Gillaspy, J. A. (2006). Development and validation of a revised short version of the Working Alliance Inventory. Psychotherapy Research, 16(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300500352500
Haydon, H. M., Smith, A. C., Snoswell, C. L., Thomas, E. E., & Caffery, L. J. (2021). Addressing concerns and adapting psychological techniques for videoconsultations: a practical guide. Clinical Psychologist, 25(2), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/13284207.2021.1916904
Henry, B. W., Block, D. E., Ciesla, J. R., McGowan, B. A., & Vozenilek, J. A. (2017). Clinician behaviors in telehealth care delivery: a systematic review. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 22, 869–888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-016-9717-2
Koppers, D., Van, H., Peen, J., & Dekker, J. J. (2021). Psychological symptoms, early maladaptive schemas and schema modes: predictors of the outcome of group schema therapy in patients with personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research, 31(7), 831–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2020.1852482
Leuchtenberg, S., Gromer, D., & Käthner, I. (2023). Videoconferencing versus face‐to‐face psychotherapy: Insights from patients and psychotherapists about comparability of therapeutic alliance, empathy and treatment characteristics. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 23(2), 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12538
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Morina, N., Lancee, J., & Arntz, A. (2017). Imagery rescripting as a clinical intervention for aversive memories: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 55, 6–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.11.003
Moring, J. C., Dondanville, K. A., Fina, B. A., Hassija, C., Chard, K., Monson, C., LoSavio, S. T., Wells, S. Y., Morland, L. A., Kaysen, D., Galovski, T. E., & Resick, P. A. (2020). Cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder via telehealth: Practical considerations during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 33(4), 371–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22544
Norwood, C., Moghaddam, N. G., Malins, S., & Sabin‐ Farrell, R. (2018). Working alliance and outcome effectiveness in videoconferencing psychotherapy: A systematic review and noninferiority meta‐analysis. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25(6), 797–808. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2315
Notermans, J., & Philippot, P. (2022). Psychotherapy under Lockdown: The Use and Experience of Teleconsultation by Psychotherapists during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.6821
Oleśniewicz, M. (2021). Schema Therapy in the treatment of detention patients with antisocial personality structure. Effectiveness and management methods. Psychoterapia, 199(4), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.12740/PT/144933
Pascual-Leone, A., & Baher, T. (2023). Chairwork in individual psychotherapy: Meta-analyses of intervention effects. Psychotherapy, 60(3), 370–382. https://doi.org/10.1037/pst0000490
Paulik, G., Maloney, G., Arntz, A., Bachrach, N., Koppeschaar, A., & McEvoy, P. (2021). Delivering imagery rescripting via telehealth: clinical concerns, benefits, and recommendations. Current Psychiatry Reports, 23, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-021-01238-8
Pierce, B. S., Perrin, P. B., & McDonald, S. D. (2020). Path analytic modeling of psychologists’ openness to performing clinical work with telepsychology: A national study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76, 1135–1150. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22851
Pierce, B. S., Perrin, P. B., Tyler, C. M., McKee, G. B., & Watson, J. D. (2021). The COVID-19 telepsychology revolution: A national study of pandemic-based changes in US mental health care delivery. American Psychologist, 76(1), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000722
Pugh, M., & Bell, T. (2020). Process-based chairwork: applications and innovations in the time of COVID-19. European Journal of Counselling Theory, Research, and Practice, 4, 1–8. https://ejctrap.nationalwellbeingservice.com/volumes/volume-4-2020/volume-4-article-3/
Pugh, M., Bell, T., & Dixon, A. (2021). Delivering tele-chairwork: A qualitative survey of expert therapists. Psychotherapy Research, 31(7), 843–858. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2020.1854486
Sammons, M. T., VandenBos, G. R., & Martin, J. N. (2020). Psychological practice and the COVID-19 crisis: A rapidresponse survey. Journal of Health Service Psychology, 46, 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42843-020-00013-2
Serralta, F. B., Benetti, S. P. D. C., Laskoski, P. B., & Abs, D. (2020). The Brazilian-adapted Working Alliance Inventory: preliminary report on the psychometric properties of the original and short revised versions. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 42, 256–261. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0099
Seuling, P., Fendel, J., Spille, L., Göritz, A., & Schmidt, S. (2023). Therapeutic alliance in videoconferencing psychotherapy compared to psychotherapy in person: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 30(10), 1521–1531. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X231161774
Stoll, J., Müller, J. A., & Trachsel, M. (2020). Ethical issues in online psychotherapy: A narrative review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00993
van Dijk, S. D. M., Bouman, R., Folmer, E. H., den Held, R. C., Warringa, J. E., Marijnissen, R. M., & Voshaar, R. C. O. (2020). (Vi)-rushed into online group schema therapy based day-treatment for older adults by the COVID-19 outbreak in the Netherlands. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(9), 983-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.028
van der Boom, B., Lagemaat, A. P., Donker, T., Bos, J., Brand-de Wilde, O. M., Nikkels, K., de Beuers, D., Arntz, A. R., & Riper, H. (2022). Schematherapie via beeldbellen; crosssectioneel onderzoek onder therapeuten. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 64, 609–616. https://www.tijdschriftvoorpsychiatrie.nl/media/6/2022-129_boom_act.pdf
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
Waller, G., Pugh, M., Mulkens, S., Moore, E., Mountford, V. A., Carter, J., Wicksteed, A., Maharaj, A., Wade, T. D., Wisniewski, L., Farrel, N.R, Raykos, B., Jorgensen, S., Evans, J., Thomas, J. J., Osenk, I., Paddock, C., Bohrer, B., Anderson, K., ... Smit, V. (2020). Cognitive‐behavioral therapy in the time of coronavirus: Clinician tips for working with eating disorders via telehealth when face‐to‐face meetings are not possible. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(7), 1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23289
Watts, S., Marchand, A., Bouchard, S., Gosselin, P., Langlois, F., Belleville, G., & Dugas, M. J. (2020). Telepsychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Impact on the working alliance. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30(2), 208–225. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000223
Wijesooriya, N. R., Mishra, V., Brand, P. L., & Rubin, B. K. (2020). COVID-19 and telehealth, education, and research adaptations. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 35, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.009
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2009). Terapia do esquema: guia de técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais inovadoras. Artmed Editora.
Zhang, K., Hu, X., Ma, L., Xie, Q., Wang, Z., Fan, C., & Li, X. (2023). The efficacy of schema therapy for personality disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 77(7), 641–650. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2023.2228304
Zhou, Y., Pennesi, J. L., & Wade, T. D. (2020). Online imagery rescripting among young women at risk of developing an eating disorder: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(12), 1906–1917. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23370
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Jamille Novaes Pantoja, Karen P. Del Rio Szupszynski
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
