Desenlaces clínicos adversos en adultos mayores que viven con vih:
un análisis del estudio “ecorsinos”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2026.1.49815Palabras clave:
Salud del Adulto Mayor, VIH, Enfermedades Infecciosas, Geriatría, Salud Pública.Resumen
El envejecimiento de las personas que viven con VIH se asocia con un mayor riesgo de multimorbilidad, deterioro funcional y otros síndromes geriátricos. Sin embargo, los estudios longitudinales que evalúan estos desenlaces siguen siendo limitados. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los desenlaces clínicos adversos entre adultos mayores con VIH y adultos mayores sin VIH tras 24 meses de seguimiento. Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo con 110 participantes de ≥60 años (54 con VIH y 56 controles sin VIH), seguidos entre 2022 y 2024. Se evaluaron la capacidad funcional, el estado cognitivo, los síntomas depresivos, las caídas, las hospitalizaciones, las consultas en servicios de urgencias, la multimorbilidad, la polifarmacia y la mortalidad mediante instrumentos validados. Los adultos mayores con VIH presentaron mayor frecuencia de polifarmacia, interacciones farmacológicas y uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados, además de un mayor deterioro funcional. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en cuanto a hospitalizaciones, caídas, fracturas, mortalidad o deterioro cognitivo incidente. El grupo control mostró una mejoría en la independencia para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria y una reducción de las consultas en los servicios de urgencias durante el seguimiento. Aunque la infección por VIH no se asoció con un mayor riesgo de eventos clínicos adversos mayores, los adultos mayores con VIH presentaron un mayor deterioro funcional, lo que refuerza la necesidad de un seguimiento multidisciplinario orientado a preservar la capacidad funcional.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ibrahim Clós Mahmud, Erick da Rosa Lerner, Luísa Dierchx Pereira, Arthur Da Rolt Guedes, Dara Sarubi Almeida, Alana Kalb Rodrigues Moscatelli, Martielo Teló Pedroso, Yindriana Laguna Rodriguez, Adronisia Camara Ochoa, Júlia Palmeiro Orsi, Cátia Aguiar Lenz, Rodolfo Herberto Schneider, Paulo Renato Petersen Behar, Denise Cantarelli Machado
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
