Los efectos del ejercicio funcional de alta intensidad y del entrenamiento simultáneo de doble tarea en adultos mayores
protocolo de un estudio de ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2026.1.48581Palabras clave:
Doble tarea, Personas mayores, Capacidad funcional, CogniciónResumen
Objetivos: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto de un programa de ejercicios funcionales de alta intensidad, con o sin entrenamiento cognitivo simultáneo en tarea dual, sobre los desenlaces primarios de equilibrio, capacidad funcional y desempeño cognitivo de personas mayores que viven en la comunidad, con el desenlace primario de mejora en la calidad de la marcha, verificada por la reducción del tiempo de ejecución en la prueba de la caminata de tres metros.
Métodos: Se llevará a cabo un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego, con personas mayores de 60 años o más. Los participantes serán asignados aleatoriamente a un programa de ejercicios funcionales de alta intensidad de forma aislada (grupo de tarea simple) o al mismo programa combinado con desafíos cognitivos simultáneos (grupo de tarea dual), durante 12 semanas. Los resultados físicos y cognitivos se evaluarán antes y después de la intervención mediante instrumentos validados, incluyendo la prueba Timed Up and Go, Mini-BESTest, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Trail Making Test y Digit Span Test, entre otros. El tamaño de la muestra se estimó en 44 participantes (22 por grupo), considerando un poder estadístico del 95% y una tasa de abandono del 20%, con base en estudios previos de diseño similar.
Resultados: Se espera que el grupo de doble tarea muestre mejoras más significativas en el equilibrio, la función física y el desempeño cognitivo en comparación con el grupo de tarea única, demostrando la superioridad del entrenamiento motor-cognitivo de alta intensidad.
Conclusiones: Si se confirman los resultados, el entrenamiento en tarea dual podrá considerarse una intervención eficaz y accesible para mejorar la salud física y cognitiva de las personas mayores, ayudando a reducir el riesgo de caídas y los costos asociados a la salud. Este estudio proporcionará evidencia importante para la inclusión de desafíos cognitivos en programas de ejercicios, con el objetivo de maximizar los beneficios para esta población.
Registro del ensayo: El ensayo fue registrado prospectivamente en el Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos (RBR-107mtjc8).
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Derechos de autor 2026 João Vítor El H. Szortyka, Mariane Ronconi, Adriana T. de Lemos, Felipe de S. Stigger
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
