Las mujeres posmenopáusicas con concentraciones elevadas de TNF-α presentaron menor reducción de grasas
Un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2022.1.42759Palabras clave:
pérdida de peso, inflamación, dieta rica en proteínas, acondicionamento físico humanoResumen
Objetivos: evaluar los efectos de una dieta rica en proteínas asociadas al ejercicio físico sobre marcadores de inflamación y composición corporal.
Métodos: el estudio es un ensayo clínico de 12 semanas con 26 mujeres posmenopáusicas que recibieron un plan de alimentación alto en proteínas individualizado y participaron en tres sesiones de entrenamiento físico cada semana. La ingesta de alimentos se controló a través de ocho recordatorios de alimentos de 24 horas y se estimó la ingesta habitual de alimentos. Al inicio y al final del estudio se midieron variables antropométricas; el contenido de grasa y la masa magra se estimaron mediante fórmulas, y se recolectó sangre para la cuantificación de proteína C reactiva (PCR), incluidos TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 e IL-18. Se realizó ANOVA one-way.
Resultados: se identificó que 13 participantes tenían una dieta alta en proteínas (HP) y 13 tenían una dieta estándar en proteínas (SP). El grupo HP perdió peso (p=0,032); sin embargo, no hubo cambios en el contenido de grasa, el contenido de masa magra o los marcadores inflamatorios. Solo las mujeres que iniciaron el programa con valores más bajos de TNF-α mostraron una pérdida significativa de grasa total (p=0,049), grasa visceral (p=0,037), triglicéridos (p=0,031) y colesterol LDL (p=0,003).
Conclusiones: las mujeres posmenopáusicas con altas concentraciones de marcadores inflamatorios responden menos a las estrategias de modificación de la composición corporal.
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