Association between functional balance and knee extensors strength in people with Parkinson’s disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2019.1.32367Keywords:
Muscle Strength Dynamometer, Neurotransmitter Agents, Nerve Degeneration, Substantia Nigra, Activities of Daily Living.Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study is to verify if there is a correlation between functional balance and muscular strength of knee extensors in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.
Methods: The sample consisted of 28 volunteers with Parkinson’s disease (age: 65.43±8.48 years, height: 1.68±0.10 cm, weight: 71.50±13.27 kg) classified on the modified Hoehn & Yahr scale. The Four Step Square Test and the isokinetic dynamometer were used to evaluate the dynamic balance and muscular strength of knee extensors, respectively.
Results: The peak torque shows a moderate, negative and significant correlation with the Four Step Square Test (right knee: r=-0.471 and p=0.012; left knee: r=-0.444 and p=0.018).
Conclusions: There is a negative, moderate and significant association between muscular strength of knee extensors and dynamic balance in Parkinson’s disease individuals.
Downloads
References
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Rodríguez M, Arbizu J, Gimenez-Amaya JM. The basal ganglia and disorders of movement: pathophysiological mechanisms. News Physiol Sci. 2002;17:51-5.
https://doi.org/10.1152/nips.01363.2001
Orcioli-Silva D, Barbieri FA, Simieli L, Rinaldi NM, Vitório R, Gobbi LTB. Effects of a multimodal exercise program on the functional capacity of Parkinson's disease patients considering disease severity and gender. Motriz: Rev Educ Fís. 2014;20(1):100-6.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742014000100015
Hammond KG, Pfeiffer RF, LeDoux MS, Schilling BK. Neuromuscular rate of force development deficit in Parkinson disease. Clin Biomech. 2017;45:14-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.04.003
Corcos DM, Chen CM, Quinn NP, McAuley J, Rothwell JC. Strength in Parkinson's disease: relationship to rate of force generation and clinical status. Annals of neurology. 1996;39(1):79-88.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410390112
Moreno Catalá M, Woitalla D, Arampatzis A. Central factors explain muscle weakness in young fallers with Parkinson's disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013; 27(8):753-9.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968313491011
Schilling BK, Karlage RE, LeDoux MS, Pfeiffer RF, Weiss LW, Falvo MJ. Impaired leg extensor strength in individuals with Parkinson disease and relatedness to functional mobility. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009;15(10):776-80.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.06.002
Protas EJ, Mitchell K, Williams A, Qureshy H, Caroline K, Lai EC. Gait and step training to reduce falls in Parkinson's disease. NeuroRehabilitation. 2005;20(3):183-90.
Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology. 1967;17(5):427-42.
https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.17.5.427
Shapiro A, Melzer I. Balance perturbation system to improve balance compensatory responses during walking in old persons. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2010;7:32.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-7-32
Ondo W, Warrior D, Overby A, Calmes J, Hendersen N, Olson S, Jankovic J. Computerized posturography analysis of progressive supranuclear palsy: a casecontrol comparison with parkinson's disease and healthy controls. Arch Neurol. 2000;57(10):1464-9.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.57.10.1464
Santos L, Fernandez-Rio J, Winge K, Barragán-Pérez B, González-Gómez L, Rodríguez-Pérez V, González-Díez V, Lucía A, Iglesias-Soler E, Dopico-Calvo X, Fernández-Del-Olmo M, Del-Valle M, Blanco-Traba M, Suman OE, Rodríguez-Gómez J. Effects of progressive resistance exercise in akinetic-rigid Parkinson's disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2017;53(5): 651-63.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1207104
Rossi-Izquierdo M, Soto-Varela A, Ernst A, Rubio-Rodríguez JP, Santos-Pérez S, Sesar Á, Alberte-Woodward M, Guijarro-Del Amo M, Román-Rodríguez ES, Faraldo-García A, Zubizarreta-Gutiérrez A, Basta D. What could posturography tell us about balance problems in Parkinson's disease? Otol Neurotol. 2016;37(9):e326-e31.
https://doi.org/10.1097/mao.0000000000001120
Dite W, Temple VA. A clinical test of stepping and change of direction to identify multiple falling older adults. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(11):1566-71.
https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.35469
Whitney SL, Marchetti GF, Morris LO, Sparto PJ. The reliability and validity of the four square step test for people with balance deficits secondary to a vestibular disorder. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88(1):99-104.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.10.027
Blennerhassett JM, Jayalath VM. The four square step test is a feasible and valid clinical test of dynamic standing balance for use in ambulant people poststroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89(11):2156-61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2008.05.012
McKee KE, Hackney ME. The four square step test in individuals with parkinson's disease: association with executive function and comparison with older adults. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;35(2):279-89.
Li F, Harmer P, Fitzgerald K, Eckstrom E, Stock R, Galver J, Maddalozzo G, Batya SS. Tai Chi and postural stability in patients with Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(6):511-9.
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1107911
Schilling BK, Pfeiffer RF, Ledoux MS, Karlage RE, Bloomer RJ, Falvo MJ. Effects of moderate-volume, high-load lower-body resistance training on strength and function in persons with Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Parkinsons Dis. 2010;2010:824734.
https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/824734
Allen NE, Canning CG, Sherrington C, Lord SR, Latt MD, Close JC, O'Rourke SD, Murray SM, Fung VS. The effects of an exercise program on fall risk factors in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Mov Disord. 2010;25(9):1217-25.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23082
Silva-Batista C, Corcos DM, Roschel H, Kanegusuku H, Gobbi LT, Piemonte ME, Mattos EC, DE Mello MT, Forjaz CL, Tricoli V, Ugrinowitsch C. Resistance training with instability for patients with Parkinson's disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(9):1678-87.
https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000945
Goetz CG, Poewe W, Rascol O, Sampaio C, Stebbins GT, Counsell C, Giladi N, Holloway RG, Moore CG, Wenning GK, Yahr MD, Seidl L; Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson's Disease. Movement Disorder Society Task Force report on the Hoehn and Yahr staging scale: status and recommendations. Mov Disord. 2004;19(9):1020-8.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20213
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189-98.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199805)13:5<285::aid-gps753>3.3.co;2-m
Brucki SMD, Nitrini R, Caramelli P, Bertolucci PHF, Okamoto IH. Sugestões para o uso do mini-exame do estado mental no Brasil. Arqu NeuroPsiquiatr. 2003; 61(3-B):777-81.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2003000500014
Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve A, Sallis JF, Oja P. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-95.
https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb
Duncan RP, Earhart GM. Four square step test performance in people with Parkinson disease. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2013;37(1):2-8.
Malicka I, Chamela-Bilińska D, Koszewicz M, Dąbrowska G, Woźniewski M. Parameters characterising isokinetic muscular activity in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study. Rehabilitacja Medyczna. 2006;10(3):29-34.
Cleary K, Skornyakov E. Predicting falls in older adults using the four square step test. Physiother Theory Pract. 2017;33(10):766-71.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2017.1354951
Finlayson ML, Peterson EW. Falls, aging, and disability. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2010;21(2):357-73.
Simpson JM. S. R. Lord, C. Sherrington and H. B. Menz, Falls in Older People: Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention, Cambridge University Press, 2001, 250 pp pbk £29·95, ISBN 0521 589 649. Ageing Soc. 2001;21(5): 667-75.
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x02258511
Durmus B, Baysal O, Altinayar S, Altay Z, Ersoy Y, Ozcan C. Lower extremity isokinetic muscle strength in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Clin Neurosci. 2010;17(7):893-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2009.11.014
Paul SS, Canning CG, Song J, Fung VS, Sherrington C. Leg muscle power is enhanced by training in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2014;28(3):275-88.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215513507462
Combs SA, Diehl MD, Chrzastowski C, Didrick N, McCoin B, Mox N, Staples WH, Wayman J. Communitybased group exercise for persons with Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation. 2013;32(1):117-24.
Carvalho A, Barbirato D, Araujo N, Martins JV, Cavalcanti JLS, Santos TM, Coutinho ES, Laks J, Deslandes AC. Comparison of strength training, aerobic training, and additional physical therapy as supplementary treatments for Parkinson's disease: pilot study. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:183-91.
https://doi.org/10.2147/cia.s68779
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia AS, McNamara JO, White LE, editors. Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sunderland: Sinauer; 2007.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright
The submission of originals to PAJAR implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite PAJAR as the site of original publication.
Creative Commons License
Except where otherwise specified, material published in this journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, which allows unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is correctly cited.