A brief history of antiphospholipid antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome

Autores

  • Henrique Luiz Staub Professor das disciplinas de Clínica Médica, Imunologia Clínica e Prática de Saúde do Adulto e Idoso da Escola de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Porto Alegre, RS
  • Lia Portella Staub Luteran University of Brazil, Canoas-RS

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.3.31097

Palavras-chave:

síndrome dos anticorpos antifosfolípides, síndrome antifosfolípide, trombose, complicações na gravidez.

Resumo

***Uma breve história dos anticorpos antifosfolípides e da síndrome antifosfolípide***

OBJETIVOS: Revisar os relatos históricos sobre anticorpos antifosfolípides (aAF) dos primeiros anos do século XX; delinear as características cardinais da síndrome antifosfolípide (SAF) a partir de 1983, incluindo critérios clínicos, etiopatogênese e terapia atual.

MÉTODOS: Revisão de literatura utilizando o PubMed. Foram selecionados artigos com foco na história dos aAF e da SAF.

RESULTADOS: Os aAF foram originalmente descritos em pacientes com sífilis ainda em 1906 por Wassermann. Uma primeira definição do anticoagulante lúpico foi proposta em 1963, enquanto o anticorpo anticardiolipina (aCL) foi descrito 20 anos mais tarde. A SAF, inicialmente reportada por Hughes em 1985 como "síndrome do aCL" é uma das mais prevalentes trombofilias adquiridas. Tromboses arteriais e venosas, associadas ou não à morbidade gestacional, compreendem os achados principais. É uma nova entidade, tendo sido primeiramente associada ao lupus eritematoso sistêmico. Uma forma primária de SAF foi reconhecida em1989, e muitas variantes de SAF são modernamente conhecidas. A terapia-padrão para a SAF trombótica é a anticoagulação plena e ininterrupta. Na SAF obstétrica, a combinação de ácido acetil-salicílico com enoxaparina tem-se mostrado altamente efetiva.

CONCLUSÕES: A caracterização sequencial dos aAF desde Wasserman em 1906, e mais tarde da SAF nos anos 1980, é um interessante exemplo de como uma nova entidade é concebida passo a passo. A SAF é uma nova e intrigante causa de trombofilia autoimune, com uma complexa patogênese e uma pletora de manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais. O tratamento é baseado em anticoagulação contínua.


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Biografia do Autor

Henrique Luiz Staub, Professor das disciplinas de Clínica Médica, Imunologia Clínica e Prática de Saúde do Adulto e Idoso da Escola de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Porto Alegre, RS

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Publicado

2018-08-31

Como Citar

Staub, H. L., & Staub, L. P. (2018). A brief history of antiphospholipid antibodies and antiphospholipid syndrome. Scientia Medica, 28(3), ID31097. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.3.31097

Edição

Seção

História da Medicina

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