Literacia em Contato e em Contexto
Leitura e Escrita Multilíngue nas Rotas da Seda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-4301.2020.4.37538Palavras-chave:
Literacia, Multilinguismo, Leitura e escritaResumo
De acordo com a UNESCO, pelo menos 2.500 línguas faladas estão vulneráveis. Chinês, inglês, espanhol, árabe, hindu, português, bengali, russo, japonês e francês são “hegemonias” – cada uma tendo pelo menos 100 milhões de falantes nativos e representando mais de 51 porcento da população global. Metade das hegemônicas são escritas com um alfabeto. Para o grupo não-alfabético, os falantes nativos podem ler e escrever em sistemas de escrita logográficos (por exemplo, o chinês) ou silábicos (por exemplo, o devanágari) ou ambos (por exemplo, o japonês). Em línguas faladas por menos de um milhão de pessoas, os sistemas de escrita latino, arábico e chinês dominam, mas eles nem sempre se assentam de forma transparente com dialetos ou línguas locais. Multiletramento é um fenômeno global crescente, particularmente na Ásia. No século 21, o acesso à mídia eletrônica incluirá falantes multiliterados. Isto provavelmente também é um fenômeno global devido à ampliação do acesso a tecnologias tais como smartfones, mídia social e redes rápidas. No entanto, a multiliteracia traz perguntas. A multiliteracia é tão antiga quanto a civilização devido ao seu contato entre línguas usadas no comércio, ideologias e religião. A literacia se adapta às novas tecnologias por meio de codificação de símbolos que permitem o crescimento da multiliteracia. A documentação da escrita tem uma história, porém não é proeminente na política global. Os programas para desenvolver a literacia são reservados para as “hegascripts” (línguas dominantes) monolíngues, por exemplo o inglês. No entanto, negligenciar a diversidade dos sistemas de escrita em países em desenvolvimento traz o risco de desigualdades se os falantes de uma língua indígena forem letrados apenas na sua língua não nativa.
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