Notes about Budapest’s counter-revolutionary subsoil

Abstract

Founded on the ontological freedom in the work Being and Nothingness (1943), the existential psychoanalysis has the purpose to understand the being from its freedom in situation. The work Search for a method (1957), marks the period of Satrian thought known as the “dialectical turn.” This change is fundamentally characterized by the introduction of a new methodological approach: the progressive-regressive method. This method seeks to conflict dialectically the historical totalizations aiming the intelligibility of the socio-cultural macrocosm. This turn is due to the crisis of Marxist thought of his time. By sticking to existentialism at the heart of Marxist philosophy and thus affirming Marxism as an insurmountable philosophy of our time, Sartre points out that Marxism has become dogmatic (a criticism already present in the work Transcendence of the Ego of 1934) by missing the material reality from the start and thus dissociate theory and practice. The famous case of the Budapest subway, recalled by Sartre, points in this direction: “Budapest subway was real in Rákosi’s head; if the subsoil of the city did not permit its construction it was because the subsoil was counterrevolutionary “. In the 2nd thesis on Feuerbach (1845), Marx already warns: it is in practice that man must show the earthly character of his thought. Sartre restores the question between subjectivity and objectivity, freedom and history lighting a candle that illuminates us even today. Our study intends to show the relevance of Sartrian criticism to dogmatic materialism, as well as the need to depart from concrete man and materiality, here and now, to understand, criticize and act on the historical reality that surrounds us