Processed and ultra-processed food products and nutrient intake in children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1983-652X.2014.3.19755Keywords:
industrialized food, child, energy intakeAbstract
Objective: To assess the consumption of processed and ultra-processed food products among children of low socio-economic status and its influence on energy, macronutrient, sodium and fiber intake.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from children aged 7-8 who participated in a randomized field trial conducted in São Leopoldo, Brazil. Socio-economic and family data were collected and two 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted. The children’s consumption of processed food products was evaluated by classifying the foods by the degree of processing used in their production. The amounts in grams and estimated energy of the food products were obtained and the tertiles of the percentage of total dietary energy coming from these products were used in the analyses.
Results: Data from 307 children were evaluated. The average dietary energy provided by the food products was 48.6% of the total energy consumed by the children. Among the children in the highest tertile of energy coming from food products, energy, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fat and sodium intake was higher than in the other tertiles while protein and fiber intake was lower (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Among schoolchildren of low socio-economic status, processed and ultra-processed food product consumption represented approximately 50% of daily energy intake, suggesting a risk for developing obesity and related diseases as the consumption of these products has been linked to diets higher in energy, fat and sodium and lower in protein and fiber.
References
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009. Avaliação nutricional da disponibilidade domiciliar de alimentos no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): IBGE; 2010.
Monteiro CA, Levy RB, Claro RM, Castro INRR, Cannon G. Increasing consumption of ultra-processed foods and likely impact on human health: evidence from Brazil. Public Health Nutrition. 2010; 14(1), 5–13. doi:10.1017/ S1368980010003241
Kavey R-EW, Simons-Morton DG, de Jesus JM, Suppl Editors. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Expert panel on inte-grated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: summary report. Pediatrics. 2011;128 Suppl 5:S213-56. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2107C.
Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Levy RB, Claro R, Moubarac J-C. The Food System. Ultra-processing. The big issue for nutrition, disease, health, well-being. World Nutrition, December 2012; 3(12):527-69.
Carmo MB, Toral N, Silva MV, Slater B. Consumo de doces, refrigerantes e bebidas com adição de açúcar entre adolescentes da rede pública de ensino de Piracicaba, São Paulo. Rev Bras de Epidemiol. 2006; 9(1): 121-30.
Rivera FSR, Souza EMT. Consumo alimentar de escolares de uma comunidade rural. Comun Ciênc Saúde. 2006;17(2): 111-9.
Babey SH, Wolstein J, Diamant AL. Food Environments Near Home and School Related to Consumption of Soda and Fast Food. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research; 2011.
Langellier BA. The food environment and student weight status, Los Angeles County, 2008-2009. Prev Chronic Dis. 2012; 9:110191.
Ford CN, Slining MM, Popkin BM. Trends in dietary intake among US 2 to 6-year-old children, 1989-2008. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013; 113(1):35-42. doi: 10.1016/ j.jand.2012.08.022.
Johansson I, Holgerson PL, Kressin NR, Nunn ME, Tanner AC. Snacking habits and caries in young children. Caries Res. 2010; 44:421-30. doi: 10.1159/000318569
Ifland JR, Preuss HG, Marcus MT, Rourke KM, Taylor WC, Burau K, Jacobs WS, Kadish W, Manso G. Refined food addiction: A classic substance use disorder. Med Hypotheses. 2009; 72(5):518-26.
Yeomans MR, Blundell JE, Leshem M. Palatability: response to nutritional need or need-free stimulation of appetite? Brit J Nutr. 2007; 92 Suppl 1:3-14. doi: 10.1079/BJN20041134.
Mehta K, Phillips C, Ward P, Coveney J, Handsley E, Carter P. Marketing foods to children through product packaging: prolific, unhealthy and misleading. Public Health Nutr. 2012; 15(9):1763-70. doi: 10.1017/ S1368980012001231.
Costa SMM, Horta PM, Santos LC dos. Análise dos alimentos anunciados durante a programação infantil em emissoras de canal aberto no Brasil. Rev Bras Epidemiol 2013; 16(4): 976-83.
Leite FH, Oliveira MA, Cremm EC, de Abreu DS, Maron LR, Martins PA. Availability of processed foods in the perimeter of public schools in urban areas. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012; 88(4):328-34. doi:10.2223/JPED.2210.
de Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E. Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010; 92: 1257-64. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29786.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009. Antropometria e estado nutricional de crianças, adolescentes e adultos no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro (RF): IBGE; 2010.
Craigie AM, Lake AA, Kelly SA, Adamson AJ, Mathers JC. Tracking of obesity-related behaviours from childhood to adulthood: a systematic review. Maturitas. 2011; 70(3):266-84. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.08.005.
Gardner DS, Hosking J, Metcalf BS, Jeffery AN, Voss LD, Wilkin TJ. Contribution of early weight gain to childhood overweight and metabolic health: a longitudinal study (EarlyBird 36). Pediatrics. 2009; 123: e67-73. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-1292.
Vitolo MR, Bortolini GA, Feldens CA, Drachler ML. Impactos da implementação dos dez passos da alimentação saudável para crianças: ensaio de campo randomizado. Cad Saúde Pública. 2005; 21(5):1448-57. doi: 10.1590/S0102-311X2005000500018.
Moubarac JC, Parra DC, Cannon G, Monteiro CA. Food classification systems based on food processing: significance and implications for policies and actions: a systematic literature review and assessment. Curr Obes Rep. 2014; 3(2):256-72. doi: 10.1007/s13679-014-0092-0.
Lanigan J, Singhal A. Early nutrition and long-term health: a practical approach. Proc Nutr Soc. 2009 Nov;68(4):422-9. doi: 10.1017/S002966510999019X.
Rouhani MH, Mirseifinezhad M, Omrani N, Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L. Fast food consumption, quality of diet, and obesity among Yahanian adolescent girls. J Obes. 2012; 2012:597924. doi: 10.1155/2012/597924.
Song WO, Wang Y, Chung CE, Song B, Lee W, Chun OK. Is obesity development associated with dietary sugar intake in the U.S?. Nutrition. 2012; 28:1137-41. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.03.008.
Fernandes RA, Casonatto J, Christofaro DGD, Ronque ERV, de Oliveira AR, Júnior IFF. Riscos para o excesso de peso entre adolescentes de diferentes classes socioeconômicas. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2008; 54(4):334-8.
Canella DS, Levy RB, Martins AP, Claro RM, Moubarac JC, Baraldi LG, Cannon G, Monteiro CA. Ultra-processed food products and obesity in brazilian households (2008-2009). PLoS One. 2014; 9(3):e92752. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092752.
Tavares LF, Fonseca SC, Rosa MLG, Yokoo EM. Relationship between ultra-processed foods and metabolic syndrome in adolescents from a Brazilian Family Doctor Program. Public Health Nutrition. 2011; 15(1):82-7. doi: 10.1017/S1368980011001571.
De Graaf, C. Effects of snacks on energy intake: an evolutionary perspective. Appetite. 2006; 47(1):18-23. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.02.007.
Piernas C, Popkin BM. Increased portion sizes from energy-dense foods affect total energy intake at eating occasions in US children and adolescents: patterns and trends by age group and sociodemographic characteristics, 1977-2006. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011; 94:1324-32. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.008466.
Reedy J, Krebs-Smith, SM. Dietary sources of energy, solid fats, and added sugars among children and adolescents in the United States. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; 110(10):1477-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.07.010.
Slavin JL. Position of the American Dietetic Association: health implications of dietary fiber. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008; 108: 1716-31.
Mello CS, Freitas KC, Tahan S, de Morais MB. Consumo de fibra alimentar por crianças e adolescentes com constipação crônica: influência da mãe ou cuidadora e relação com excesso de peso. Rev Paul Pediatr 2010; 28(2):188-93.
Martins AP, Levy RB, Claro RM, Moubarac JC, Monteiro CA. Participação crescente de produtos ultraprocessados na dieta brasileira (1987-2009). Rev Saude Publica. 2013;47(4):656-65. doi: 10.1590/S0034-8910. 2013047004968.
Vitolo MR, Louzada MLC, Rauber F, Campagnolo PDB. Risk factors for high blood pressure in low income children aged 3-4 years. Eur J Pediatr. 2013; 172(8):1097-103. doi: 10.1007/s00431-013-2012-9.
Rauber F, Hoffman DJ, Vitolo MR. Diet quality from pre-school to school age in Brazilian children: a 4-year follow-up in a randomized control study. Br J Nutr. 2014; 111(3):499-505. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513002857.
Beskow CB, da Costa ML, Rauber F, Campagnolo PD, Vitolo MR. Consumo alimentar de risco para doença cardiovascular entre crianças de baixo nível socioeconômico. Nutr Pauta; 2012; 117.
Castro TG, Baraldi LG, Muniz PT, Cardoso MA. Dietary practices and nutritional status of 0-24-month-old children from Brazilian Amazonia. Public Health Nutr. 2009; 12(12):2335-42. doi: 10.1017/S1368980009004923.
Bellisle F, Rolland-Cachera MF; Kellogg Scientific Advisory Committee. Three consecutive (1993, 1995, 1997) surveys of food intake, nutritional attitudes and knowledge, and lifestyle in 1000 French children, aged 9-11 years. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2007; 20(3):241-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2007.00773.x.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
COPYRIGHT
The submission of originals to Ciência & Saúde implies the transfer by the authors of the right for publication. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication. If the authors wish to include the same data into another publication, they must cite Ciência & Saúde as the site of original publication.
CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE
As this journal is open access, the articles are allowed free use in scientific and educational applications, with citation of the source.
According to the type of Creative Commons License (CC-BY 4.0) adopted by Ciência & Saúde , the user must respect the requirements below.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
However, only under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests Ciência & Saúde endorses you or your use.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
For more details on the Creative Commons license, please follow the link in the footer of this website.
