Evaluation of the use of protocols in the prevention of pressure ulcers

Abstract

Introduction: Pressure ulcer is a medical condition that involves high costs and biopsychosocial consequences for the patients. Prevention protocols have been used to reduce pressure ulcers incidence, and it is important to emphasize the impact of this strategy on the health care practices and patient’s quality of life. Objective: This article aims to review the impact of pressure ulcer prevention protocols on the incidence and treatment of this condition. Materials and Methods: This study is a systematic review based on publications available in electronic media. The study analyzed seven articles, from the period from 2002 and 2010, found in Medline, Lilacs, IBECS and Cochrane databases, using the descriptors "pressure ulcer or decubitus sore and protocol”. Results: Three studies showed a reduction in the incidence of pressure ulcers from 23 to 5%, 60 to 15%, 43 to 28%, with a reported efficacy of the protocol in 79% of the patients. Other studies revealed 0.2 and 2.77% of pressure ulcer incidence after the protocol implementation. Some intensive care units showed 23.5 and 25.8% incidence rates following the use of the protocols. Furthermore, the adoption of protocols in the prevention of pressure ulcers is an effective strategic decision, which in addition to reducing the incidence of the condition, optimizes resources, improves the quality of care and strengthens health care practices. Conclusions: The protocols promote positive impacts on pressure ulcers prevention and on the quality of life of patients, being an essential resource for a humanized care based on health needs.