Introdução à economia do meio ambiente
Abstract
Neste artigo emite-se o conceito de economia do meio ambiente e destaca-se a importância de seu estudo e de suas aplicações. São apresentados os conceitos de externalidade, bens públicos, ótimo de Pareto, taxas Pigouvianas, o teorema de Coase, a tragédia dos comuns e o comportamento free rider. Com base nesses conceitos, são focalizados as políticas públicas tradicionais e os mecanismos de mercado, buscando encontrar alternativas que conciliem a preservação do meio ambiente com os objetivos de eficiência econômica da sociedade.
Palavras-chave: Economia do meio ambiente. Bens públicos. Externalidades. Ótimo de Pareto.
Abstract
This article applies the principles and concepts of the economics of natural resources. The concepts of externalities, public goods, Pareto optimum, Pigouvean taxes, the Coase theorem, the tragedy of commons and free rider behaviour are discussed. Based on that, traditional public policies and market allocations are examined, in order to find solutions that reconciles environmental concerns with economic needs.
Key words: Economics of natural resources. Public goods. Externalities. Pareto optimum.
JEL Classification: Q3 – Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation. Q32 – Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development. Q38 – Government Policy.
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