De las evidencias empíricas a los primeros principios

La revolución metodológica de Thomas Kuhn

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2020.3.38523

Palabras clave:

Thomas Kuhn, Historia de la Ciencia, Naturalismo, Epistemología Evolutiva

Resumen

La Estructura de las Revoluciones Científicas representó un hito en el intento de comprender el desarrollo científico basado en observaciones empíricas. Sin embargo, en las décadas siguientes a la publicación del libro, la historia, la psicología y la sociología se volvieron cada vez más marginales en las discusiones de Kuhn. En sus últimos artículos, Kuhn incluso sugirió que los filósofos deberían prestar menos atención a los datos empíricos y centrarse más en los “primeros principios”. El propósito de este artículo es, en primer lugar, describir esta transformación radical en el enfoque metodológico de Kuhn, desde su naturalismo inicial hasta su posterior y más estricta posición filosófica. A continuación, presento algunas de las supuestas justificaciones para explicar esta transición, como su interés por los problemas más vinculados a la tradición filosófica y el deseo de una mayor aceptación dentro de esta comunidad. Aunque estos factores tuvieran ciertamente un papel en la explicación del cambio de Kuhn, también creo que un importante componente teórico ejerció una función fundamental en esta transición: la idea de que el desarrollo científico es una especie de proceso evolutivo, que se comprende mejor mediante el uso de modelos teóricos abstractos, y no por medio de observaciones fragmentarias de la actividad científica.

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Biografía del autor/a

Paulo Pirozelli, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.

Doutor em Filosofia pela Universidade de São Paulo. Atualmente faz pós-doutorado em Filosofia pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.

Citas

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Publicado

2020-12-31

Cómo citar

Pirozelli, P. (2020). De las evidencias empíricas a los primeros principios: La revolución metodológica de Thomas Kuhn. Veritas (Porto Alegre), 65(3), e38523. https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2020.3.38523

Número

Sección

Epistemologia & Filosofia da Linguagem