Moralidade política e bioética: Os fundamentos liberais da legitimidade do controle de constitucionalidade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-6746.2007.1.1860Abstract
O maior problema do controle de constitucionalidade – um dos institutos básicos do Estado de direito –, com relação à sua justificação democrática, é a chamada dificuldade contra-majoritária [countermajoritarian difficulty], já apontada por Bickel. O texto apresenta o tratamento dessa questão em Habermas, Rawls e Dworkin, a partir da bioética, especialmente o caso do aborto, da eutanásia e da eugenia. Argumenta-se que a justificação moral de boa parte do controle de constitucionalidade encontra sua base em fundamentos morais impostos ao legislador, a partir de uma perspectiva liberal. Tais fundamentos são reconstruídos, tendo em vista a posição tolerante de Locke concernente à problemática religiosa.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Bioética. Constitucionalidade. Liberalismo. Liberadade religiosa.
ABSTRACT
The major problem of the control over constitutionality – one of the basic institutes of the rule of law –, with regard to its democratic justification, is the so-called countermajoritarian difficulty, already highlighted by Bickel. The article shows how this issue is tackled by Habermas, Rawls, and Dworkin, from the standpoint of bioethics, especially in matters of abortion, euthanasia, and eugenics. It argues that the moral justification of a great deal of the control over constitutionality finds its basis on moral grounds imposed to the legislator from a liberal perspective. Such grounds are reconstructed with a view to recasting Locke’s tolerant position concerning religious affairs.
KEY WORDS – Bioethics. Constitutionality. Liberalism. Religious freedom.
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