Long-term effects of neonatal stress using lipopolysaccharide in rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15448/1983-652X.2014.1.14971Keywords:
Newborn animals, inflammation, animal models, physiological stressAbstract
Introduction: Several experimental models have been used to demonstrate that interventions early in life can lead to permanent changes that persist throughout life. In this context, the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the neonatal period generates a stressful immune stimulation, which is able to change many physiological responses to stress in adulthood.
Objective: To review the literature about the long-term influences in the adult life of the LPS administration during the neonatal period in experimental models.
Materials and Methods: This study consists of an integrative literature review based on the search of scientific articles available in Medline/Pubmed and Science Direct databases, using the following keywords: neonatal programming, neonatal stress, neonatal LPS and neonatal lipopolysaccharide. We have included manuscripts whose content included the use of LPS as a neonatal stressor in experimental protocols, without limits of date.
Results: We selected 15 articles demonstrating that experimental models injecting LPS in neonatal rats results in functional modifications of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as adults, including increased levels of plasma corticosterone. Indeed, there are decreased inflammatory cytokine levels, hyperalgesia, increased sensitivity to stress and increased anxiety and depression behaviors.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate that neonatal LPS administration consists of an effective experimental model of programming, leading to a series of immunological and behavioral changes in adulthood.
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