Cairu e o liberalismo smithiano na Abertura dos Portos
Abstract
José da Silva Lisboa, o Visconde de Cairu, insere-se na história das políticas econômicas luso-brasileiras quando figura no episódio da Abertura dos Portos do Brasil, em 1808. Neste artigo, avalia-se a crítica de Celso Furtado ao papel de Silva Lisboa naquele episódio. É bastante conhecida a ligação de Silva Lisboa com o liberalismo de Adam Smith, mas poucos vêem isso como uma tentativa de quebra do pacto colonial de comércio. Inicialmente, relata-se a forma como um homem que foi advogado e professor de filosofia da Bahia tornou-se um importante economista após a transferência da corte portuguesa para o Brasil, em 1808. Discutem- se em seguida as avaliações que Cairu tem recebido desde então na historiografia brasileira, contextualizando-se a posição de Celso Furtado. Por fim, avalia-se a posição liberalsmithiana de Cairu no contexto da Abertura dos Portos. Ele ajudou a criar um ambiente favorável à manutenção da abertura comercial mesmo após o término da guerra e, com isso, contribuiu para a Independência do Brasil, em 1822.
Palavras-chave – Visconde de Cairu, Celso Furtado, política econômica.
Abstract
José da Silva Lisboa, Viscount of Cairu, looms in the history of Luso-Brazilian economic policies as a consequence of his participation in the historical episode of the opening of the ports of Brazil in 1808. In this article, we evaluate the critical position of Celso Furtado concerning the role of Silva Lisboa in that episode. It is known that Silva Lisboa’s arguments are founded on the liberalism of Adam Smith, although less known that he most likely aimed at breaking the colonial pact of Brazil and Portugal. Initially, we describe how a lawyer and philosophy teacher of the Bahia province became one of the most important economists of the Portuguese world after the transfer of the government from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 1808. Next, we discuss the judgment of Cairu in the literature since then, showing where Furtado’s position fits in. Finally, we document the Smithian liberalism of Cairu in the context of the opening of ports episode. He helped to create a favorable mood to maintaining the freedom from exclusive colonial trade even after the end of the war with France. With this he contributed to the Independence of Brazil in 1822.
Key words – Viscount of Cairu. Celso Furtado. Economic policy.
JEL Classification – B12, History of economic thought. N76. Economic history: international or domestic trade
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